Imbonezamikurire y'abana bato
Buri mwana wese akwiriye intangiriro nziza cyane y’ubuzima n’amahirwe yo gukura uko bikwiye.
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Imbogamizi
Mu minsi 1,000 ya mbere y’ubuzima, ubwonko bw’impinja bukora ku ntera itisubiramo na busa. Mirongo inani ku ijana y’ubwonko bw’uwana bwubaka kugeza ku myaka 3 y’amavuko, naho 75 ku ijana ya buri ndyo ijya kubaka ubwonko bw’uruhinja. Iyi minsi 1,000 ya mbere igira ingaruka ihoraho ku muntu n’ejo hazaza he, kandi hariho amahirwe amwe gusa yo kubishyira mu buryo.
Imbonezamikurire y'abana bato - ECD - ni uburyo bwashyizweho bwo gufasha abana muri iyi myaka ibana y’ubuzima, butanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera ku kwigishwa hakiri kare, indyo nziza, isuku ndetse no kurindwa.
Mu Rwanda abana n’imiryingo babura uburyo bwo kugera serivisi z’ibanze za ECD.
Abana basaga 800,000 - 38 ku ijana - baragwingiye, bibabuza kwaguka uko bikwiriye mu buhanga n’ubwenge, mu ndimi ndetse no mu mibanire myiza n’abandi.
Akenshi abana batagaburiwe neza uko bikwiriye (barya nabi) igihe kinini baba bafite amahirwe menshi yo kudakora neza mu ishuri ndtese no kutaritsinda.
18 ku ijana gusa y’ abana bafite hagati y’imyaka 3 n’6 nibo bonyine bagira amahirwe yo kwig amashuri y’inshuke cyangwa se ubundi burezi bwagenewe abana bato.
Rimwe ku ijana ryonyine ry’abana b’ imyaka 3 no munsi babasha kubona serivisi za ECD.
Abana bo mu miryango ikennye nibo bakunze kukgwingira kurusha abana bakomoka mu miryango yifashije.
Ibidukikije biri mu rugo no hafi yaho ntibifasha abanagufunguka.
Umubyeyi umwe kuri batanu mu Rwanda nibo bonyine ibikorwa byo gushyigkira inyigisho zagenewe abana bato cyane mu rugo harimo gusoma, gukina imikino n’abana babo. Abagabo ntibakunze gufasha mu kwigisha cyangwa mu mirire y’abana bakiri bato mu rugo.
Abaruta kimwe cya kabiri bafite munsi y’imyaka ibiri bazira ihohoterwa ryo kutarerwa neza n’abaruta icya kabiri cy’abana bato basigwa bonyine mu rugo ku manywa cyangwa bagasigirwa undi muntu wo mu muryango.
Nubwo ECD n’imishinga yayo n’uburyo bwo kuyishyira mu bikorwa biriho, ingaruka zazo ntiziragaragara cyane cyane kubana bavutswa byinshi.
Igisubizo
Nubwo ECD ikiri kuzamuka mu Rwanda, leta y’u Rwanda yagaragaje ubwitange buhambaye muri iyi porogaramu. Mu myaka mike ishize UNICEF yabashije kuba yashyikiriza leta uburyo bwayo bwo gushyiraho ibigo bya ECD nuburyo bizubakwa.
Mu myaka itanu izaza, porogaramu ECD ya UNICEF mu Rwanda irifuza kugera:
Kongera uburyo bwo kwegerezwa ndetse no gukoresha serivisi za ECD ku miryango n’abana babo gufashwa muri gahunda z’ubuzima, ibijyanye nimirire myiza ndetse no kurindwa.
Guteza imbere uburyo bwo kwita ku bana bukwiye butangwa n’ababyeyi, imiryango ndetse n’imiryango tubamo.
Gushyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki za ECD no gushyira imbaraga mu gufatanya na leta mu gukora ECD hagati y’uturere no ku rwego rw’igihugu.
Kongera uburyo bwo gushyikirizwa ndetse no gukoresha serivisi za ECD
Mu myaka yo kwigishwa, abana bakenyeye kwegerezwa serivisi zibaha amahirwe yo kumenyana, guhura nabo bangana. Hagati y’imyaka 3 n’imyaka 5, abana baba bari kwagura imyitwarire yo kubana n’abandi yagutse, ubushobozi mu marangamutima, ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ndetse no ubushobozi bwo kujijuka by’ibanze bukaba ari inking z’ingenzi zo kugira ubuzima bwiza,bwageze ku ntego.
Abana bakenewe kwegerezwa amahirwe y’inyigisho z’abakiri bato cyane biteguwe neza kuko bibafasha mu kwitegura neza ishuri risanzwe binabafasha kumenyana n’abo bangana.
UNICEF itanga inkunga z’amafaranga,ibikoresho, n’ubumenyi bwihariye bwagenewe gushyiraho ibigo byagenwe birenze bya ECD muri buri karere. Ibi bigo bitanga ibikorwa remezo n’ibikikije umwana muto akeneye kugirango abashe gukuza ubushobozi n’ubuhanga baba bifitemo. UNICEF inafasha gutanga amahugurwa ku bazajya bakor muri za ECD.
Guteza imbere uburyo bwo kwita ku bana bukwiye
Kugaburira abana bato bihera ku ntera za mbere z’ubuzima. Ariko biterwa n’umuryango umwana arererwamo hagendeye kuri ibi bikurikira:
- Ibidukijije biri aho batuye, harimo aho kuba hatekanye, imisarane myiza, amazi yo kunywa asukuye ndetse n’ibonka ry’ibitabo n’ibikinisho bifasha gukangura ubwonko bw’umwana.
- Uburyo ababyeyi babana bakanaha umwanya umwana, bigaburira umwana ubushobozi bwo kwaguka mu mutwe (ubwenge n’ubuhanga), mu ngingo z’umubiri, mu marangamutima ndetse no mu kubana nabandi.
Mu gufasha ababyeyi n’abashinzwe kurera abana mu gutanga uburere no kwita ku bana by’umwimerere, UNICEF na leta byateguye gahunda ya leta ikubiemo inyigisho zo kurera ku rwego rw’igihugu. UNICEF iri no gufasha mu kureba uko baangiza gahunda y’inyigisho zo kurera ku nzego z’uturere no mu nzego z’ibanze.
Gushyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki za ECD no gushyira imbaraga mu gufatanya na leta
Nubwo abana bahabwa uburere bukwiriye bakanitabwaho neza mu rugo, bakanegerezwa serivisi za ECD. Haracyakenewe ko bishyigikirwa byihariye na za politiki zifasha guhindura vuba ndetse na ubufasha bwa leta. Leta nayo igomba kugira ingeno y’imari ihagije yo gushyira mu bikorwa izi politiki mu gufasha abana n’imiryango.
UNICEF ihurira mu biganiro na guverinoma mu kuvuganira kumvwa kw’abana na politiki zishingiye kuri bimenyetso. UNICEF yongera gufasha guverinoma mu gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana nkureba umusaruro wa za ECD mu Rwanda, zimenya ko serivisi za ECD zigera ku bana n’imiryango yose harimo n’abatifashije kurusha abandi.