Imibereho y’abana mu Rwanda
Abanyarwanda barenga 45 ku ijana bari munsi y’imyaka 18, icyo cyicira cy’abaturage kigira ibibazo byihariye bigomba kubonerwa umuti.
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Imibare igaragaza ko hafi miliyoni 5.4 kuri miliyoni 11.8 z’abanyarwanda ari urubyiruko ruri munsi y’imyaka 18.
Muri iyi myaka 20 ishize u Rwanda rwageze ku iterambere rishimishije dore ko rugamije kuba rwabaye igihugu kigeze ku rwego rw’ibihugu bifite ubukungu buciriritse muri 2020. Byongeye kandi, ni kimwe mu bihugu bike cyane byashoboye kugera ku ntego z’iterambere ry’ikinyagihumbi. Kuba rufite inzego za politiki zihamye, imiyoberere myiza, inzego z’ubuyobozi n’iz’imisoro zegerejwe abaturage no kurwanya ruswa, ibyo byose byatumye ubukungu n’iterambere bizamuka.
Nyamara abana n’imiryango yabo baracyahura n’ibibazo by’ingorabahizi. Nubwo imijyi yagiye itera imbere, hafi bitatu bya kane by’abanyarwanda batuye mu cyaro. Ubukene buracyagaragara ahantu henshi ku buryo 39 ku ijana by’abaturage bari munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene naho 16 ku ijana bari mu bukene bukabije. Abana ni bo bagerwaho cyane n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ubukene kuko usanga batabona ibyangombwa byinshi by’ibanze.
Imyaka ya mbere y’ubuzima
Abana mu minsi ya mbere y’ubuzima aba ari abanyantege nke. Ku bana 1,000 bavuka mu Rwanda, hafi 50 ntibashobora kwizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka itanu y’amavuko. Ku bagore 100,000 babyara, hafi 210 batakaza ubuzima bwabo babyara. Imibare y’impfu iri hejuru cyane mu cyaro no mu miryango ikennye kurusha iyindi. Nubwo abana barenga 90 ku ijana bavukira mu mavuriro mu maboko y’abaganga n’abaforomo, hafi 75 ku ijana z’impfu z’abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu ziterwa n’ibibazo bahura nabyo bavuka – mu kwezi kwa mbere k’ubuzima bwabo.
Mu Rwanda, abana barakingirwa bisanzwe kandi n’inkingo nshya zigenda zitangizwa ku buryo bwihuse. Ariko iyo abana barwaye, usanga batabona ubuvuzi bakeneye kuko ababyeyi badakunze kubavuza kwa muganga. Birakwiye rero ko turushaho kubakangurira kwivuriza kwa muganga, cyangwa kubumvisha ko iyo umwana agaragaje ibimenyetso byo kurwara bagomba guhita bamuvuza cyane cyane iyo arwaye indwara zikira nko guhumeka nabi, kugira umuriro cyangwa gucibwamo.
Umubare w’abafite virusi itera SIDA wagumye kuri 3 ku ijana. Kurinda umubyeyi kwanduza umwana we virusi itera SIDA byashyizwemo imbaraga nyinshi, ubu bigeze kuri 91 ku ijana by’abaturage bafite ibyago byo kwanduza abana babo.
Nubwo ikibazo cy’imirire mibi ikabije cyagabanutse, abana 38 ku ijana baracyafite ikibazo cy’igwingira. Akenshi abana ntibabona ifunguro ryiza kandi rigizwe n’indyo yuzuye, bakunda kurwaragurika kandi bakavukana ibiro bike. Kugwingira biracyagaragara cyane mu bana bo mu cyaro n’abavuka mu miryango ikennye.
Amazi mabi, ibikorwa remezo by’isuku n’isukura bidahagije biri mubikomeza gutuma umubare w’abagwingira ukomeza kwiyongera. Ingo 64 ku ijana gusa ni zo zifite ubwiherero busukuye naho ingo 47 ku ijana gusa ni zo zishobora kubona amazi meza ku ntera ya metero 500 uvuye aho batuye. Ingo zingana na 5 ku ijana gusa ni zo zifite ibikorwa remezo bizifasha gukaraba intoki n’amazi n’isabune.
Kwita kuri ejo hazaza h’umwana bitangirira mu minsi ya mbere y’ubuzima bwe. Ariko mu Rwanda abana benshi ntibabona ayo mahirwe y’ubuzima, ibyo bigatuma badakura neza ndetse bataniga neza amashuri yabo. Abana 13 ku ijana gusa ni bo biga mu mashuri y’incuke asanzwe, kandi ugasanga hari ikinyuranyo kinini kiri hagati y’abana bo mu mugi n’abo mu cyaro. Abita ku bana batagera kuri kimwe cya kabiri ni bo bafasha abana kwigira mu rugo.
Kwandika abana mu irangamimerere bakivuka – ni ingabo ibakingira – bigeze hafi ku bana 67 ku ijana mu Rwanda.
Icyo bageraho mu myaka yo kwiga
Abana bo mu Rwanda hafi ya bose biga amashuri abanza. Nubwo abana biga ari 98 ku ijana, hafi kimwe cya kabiri ntibagira ubumenyi buhagije bw’ibyo baba barize mu mashuri abanza.
Muri 2016, Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho integanyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi, hakoreshwa uburyo bwibanda ku ruhare rw’umunyeshuri. Ariko ikibazo ni uko kugeza ubu abarimu bo mu Rwanda bafite ikibazo cyo kwigisha mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza kandi ni rwo rurimi rukoreshwa mu kwigisha amasomo, ndetse uburyo bukoreshwa mu kwigisha na bwo ntibufasha umunyeshuri kugera ku bushobozi yitezweho.
Umubare w’abahungu n’abakobwa ugiye kungana mu mashuri y’incyuke, amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye. Ariko abahungu batsinda neza kurusha abakobwa mu bizamini bya Leta. Abakobwa usanga bakunze kuva mu ishuri naho abahungu ugasanga bakunze gusibira.
Hagati y’imyaka icumi na makumyabiri
Iyo umuntu abaye ingimbi cyangwa umwangavu ni igihe gikomeye cyane aho aba yugarijwe ariko na none ni igihe cyo gukura no kongera ubushobozi.
Mu Rwanda abana benshi bari mu kigero cy’abangavu n’ingimbi bakurira mu miryango ikennye kandi ifite intege nke. Haracyari igitsure gikabije ku bana no gukorerwa ihohoterwa ryo mu ngo. Ubushakashatsi buheruka bwagaragaje ko abana n’urubyiruko batarageza ku myaka 18 barenga kimwe cya kabiri bakorerwa ihohoterwa ribabaza umubiri, irishingiye ku gitsina no kubahoza ku nkeke.
Mu Rwanda, abana benshi batangira kwiga amashuri yisumbuye bakererewe; nubwo abana bagombye gutangira amashuri abanza bafite imyaka 13, abana 6 ku ijana gusa bagejeje kuri iyo myaka ni bo baba bari mu mashuri yisumbuye. Abana hafi 35 ku ijana gusa bafite imyaka 18 biga amashuri yisumbuye.
Abanyarwanda bagera kuri 80 ku ijana bafite virusi itera SIDA bari ku miti igabanya ubukana bwayo, naho 55 ku ijana by’abana batarageza ku myaka 14 bafite iyo virusi ni bo bari ku miti. Usanga ingimbi n’abangavu badakunda kwipimisha virusi itera SIDA; ikindi ni uko badakunda kwitabira serivisi zo kwirinda iyo virusi n’imiti igabanya ubukana bwayo, bigatuma umubare w’urubyiruko rufite virusi itera SIDA uri hejuru y’uw’abantu bakuru.
Ibiza biriho ubu n’ibishobora kuzaza
U Rwanda ni igihugu gishobora kugira ibiza bisanzwe nk’amapfa, imyuzure, inkangu, umutingito, no kuruka kw’ibirunga. U Rwanda nanone rwakiriye impunzi zirenga 73,000 zituruka muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo n’impunzi z’abarundi zigera ku 89,500. Impunzi zirenga 50 ku ijana mu Rwanda zigizwe n’abana.
UNICEF ikomeje gutanga ubutabazi mu bihe by’amage ikorana cyane n’abafatanyabikorwa ba Leta na Minisiteri y'Imicungire y'Ibiza no Gucyura Impunzi.