Maternal and newborn health
Newborns and mothers are still dying in appalling numbers – mostly from preventable causes.
In recent decades, the world has made significant progress reducing newborn and maternal deaths. Between 1990 and 2022, the neonatal mortality rate has halved.
But newborns and mothers – including adolescent mothers – are still dying in unacceptably large numbers – mostly from preventable or treatable causes, such as infectious diseases and complications during pregnancy, childbirth or postpartum period. In recent years, we've witnessed alarming setbacks for women's health, as maternal deaths have either increased or stagnated in nearly all regions of the world.
Every day, 6,300 babies die in the first month of life. In 2022, an estimated 2.3 million newborns died worldwide.
Uneven access to affordable, high-quality health care and services impedes many countries from improving maternal and newborn survival and reducing stillbirths. A significant proportion of maternal and newborn deaths occurs in settings of conflict or displacement.
Globally, every two minutes, a woman dies during pregnancy or childbirth. In 2020, there were an estimated 287,000 deaths worldwide. About 70 per cent of those maternal deaths were in sub-Saharan Africa.
Severe bleeding (mainly postpartum hemorrhage), high blood pressure, pregnancy-related infections and complications from unsafe abortions are the leading causes of maternal deaths. These are all largely preventable with timely access to high-quality healthcare. If this trend isn't reversed, the lives of over 1 million more women are at risk by 2030.
UNICEF's response
All babies and mothers are entitled to affordable, high-quality health care before, during and after pregnancy including the critical time of labor and childbirth. To make quality maternal and newborn health care and services accessible to all, UNICEF and partners adopted the Every Women Every Newborn Every Where (ENEWE) Initiative and Aligned Results Framework to harness evidence, track progress, and foster learning so that every pregnant woman, new mother and newborn has the best chance of survival, health and wellbeing, no matter where they are.
As part of this commitment, UNICEF supports countries to provide essential packages of high-quality maternal and newborn services, such as promotive and preventive lifesaving maternal and newborn interventions delivered through through primary health care or home visits by well- trained community health workers, small and sick newborn care, and kangaroo care that uses skin-to-skin contact between parents and babies to increase their chances of survival.
We also work with partners to eliminate maternal and newborn tetanus, collect information on adolescent pregnancies, and train health-care workers to address the specific needs of adolescent mothers.
Additionally, UNICEF is committed to enhancing community-centered primary health care, which can meet the needs of women, children and adolescents. By doing so, we can enable equitable access to critical services such as assisted births and pre- and postnatal care, childhood vaccinations, nutrition and family planning.
Resources
- A Neglected Tragedy: The global burden of stillbirths, UNICEF
- Levels and trends in child mortality, UNICEF
- Ending preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths by 2030, UNICEF
- Newborn Health in Humanitarian Settings Field Guide, Healthy Newborn Network
- Survive and Thrive: Transforming Care for Every Small and Sick Newborn, UNICEF
- Every Newborn Progress Report 2019, Healthy Newborn Network
- UNICEF Strategy for Health 2016-2030, UNICEF
- Improving Maternal and Newborn Health and Survival and Reducing Stillbirth - Progress Report 2023, WHO