Commercially Produced Complementary Foods
Analysis of nutritional content, nutrition and health claims in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe
Highlights
Optimal nutrition during the first 1,000 days of life is critical for children to grow, thrive, and stay healthy into adulthood. In Eastern and Southern Africa, children continue to face challenges like stunting, wasting, and obesity - worsened by poverty, food insecurity, climate change, and the rise of processed foods. Commercially produced complementary foods (CPCFs), often marketed as healthy and convenient, are increasingly replacing traditional, nutritious options. However, many of these products are high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats.
This study analyzed 452 CPCF products sold in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, focusing on their nutritional content and marketing practices. Most products carried multiple health and nutrition claims – averaging nearly five per item – yet only 29 per cent met basic nutrition and labelling standards. None followed best-practice guidelines for responsible marketing. High sugar levels and inappropriate energy content were common.
Although all four countries have infant and young child feeding policies aligned with international standards, enforcement is weak. UNICEF calls for stronger, region-specific regulations to ensure CPCFs are safe, nutritious, and honestly marketed. The report highlights the urgent need to protect the first 1,000 days through better regulation, monitoring, and promotion of breastfeeding and healthy complementary feeding practices.
