Programming Tool 2

WASH for Peace ToC Tool

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Purpose

This tool complements Step 2 ‘Developing peacebuilding WASH theories of change’ of the WASH for Peace Programming Guide and provides key steps and guiding questions to develop a conflict-sensitive ToC to support WASH for Peace programming in FCCs as part of a results-based management (RBM) approach to programme development. It can also be used to develop a conflict risk-informed ToC for WASH programming that does not pursue a peacebuilding approach.

Step 1: Conflict-Sensitize your ToC

Key steps to develop a conflict-sensitive ToC, To elaborate a conflict-sensitive ToC ‘work backwards’ to identify:

	Guiding Questions
Long-term change that WASH stakeholders wish to see in the lives of children and families (impact-level change/result) and relevant conflict dimensions identified in the CPA	Does the impact-level starting point consider not only the achievement of results, but also how to protect this gain from the negative impacts of conflicts? Does it consider the groups that are both vulnerable and highly exposed to conflict? Are they specifically targeted?
Several ‘preconditions’ (long- and medium-term results) that are necessary to not only achieve this change, but also protect this gain from the negative impacts of future conflict shocks and stresses, thus enhancing the resilience of children, families, communities, WASH systems and institutions (outcome-level changes/results related to a change in the performance of institutions or the behaviour of individuals)	Supply/quality dimension: How must institutional performance change to ensure the continuous supply and quality of services during a conflict crisis? What changes in institutional performance are necessary to protect human resources? Demand dimension: Does the ToC consider the changes necessary to ensure that households continue to access and demand services during a conflict crisis? Does the ToC consider the need for behaviour change (e.g. methods for the peaceful resolution of conflict) that can reduce risks and vulnerabilities? Enabling environment dimension: Does the ToC recognize that some adaptation at the policy level may be necessary to protect the desired impact-level change? Does the ToC recognize the importance of decentralized planning and budgeting that integrates conflict risk reduction, preparedness and contingency planning, considering the special needs and vulnerabilities of children and other vulnerable groups? How are social norms affecting peace capacities or the commitment to reduce the vulnerability of specific groups?
Specific short-term results that reflect a change in the capacities of WASH duty-bearers, including their capacity to reduce, mitigate or manage conflict risk (output-level changes/results)	Does the ToC recognize what changes are necessary to ensure that institutions and local authorities have increased capacities (authority, motivation, resources) to peacefully manage conflict? Does the ToC consider such capacities (knowledge, skills, tools and other resources) of children, parents or vulnerable groups in fragile and conflict-affected contexts?
Key WASH programme strategies that will enable all partners to move closer to the long-term goal of resilient development (or specific inputs to the change process).

Step 2: Develop your WASH for Peace ToC and results logic

The above section outlines the process of developing a conflict-sensitive ToC. If your intervention is pursuing peacebuilding results build on your conflict sensitive ToC to integrate a results logic that aims to directly address conflict causes/drivers and to contribute to build and sustain peace through WASH – the below illustrates with examples.

WASH Example analysis finding

CPA or CP Scan finds that inequity in access to WASH services is a cause of grievances and violence in the programming context. The ToC might propose that by improving equitable access to WASH services, the programme will contribute to a positive impact on conflict by reducing perceptions of inequality and marginalization and by reducing conflict over access to WASH facilities

Define the outcome	WASH example outcome statements
In peacebuilding initiatives, outcomes can include: Strengthened vertical and horizontal social cohesion Reduced prevalence and impact of violence Improved perceptions of safety and security Enhanced trust and confidence in the legitimacy and responsiveness of state and local authorities	Population in target area perceives access to WASH services to be fair, equitable and adequate Reduced incidence of WASH-related conflict in target areas
In peacebuilding initiatives, outputs can include: Enhanced capacity of individuals and institutions to de-escalate conflict and promote peace Increased capacity of individuals and institutions to launch peace-oriented initiatives Improved ability of institutions to prevent marginalization Ensured inclusivity in the management and delivery of social services	Improved access to WASH services for target populations (disaggregated by identity group, gender, age, etc.) Enhanced capacity of local communities to collaborate across identity groups to sustain WASH services Improved capacity of local water management committees to monitor and address issues relating to marginalization in access to WASH services
Define the activities	WASH example activities
In peacebuilding initiatives, activities (activity results) can include: Established functioning joint community mechanisms and collaborative networks among diverse community groups and social service providers Trained social service providers, community members, youth and children in peacebuilding competencies Trained education advisers and inspectors in peace-oriented curriculum design and methodologies Advocated for children and youth’s participation and voice among local authorities and the community at large Established participatory open forums between government counterparts, civil society and community groups	Actions/tasks related to peacebuilding could comprise collaborative communication trainings, delivery of WASH infrastructures and capacity development of local water management committees Activity results could be enhanced capacities for jointly managing and addressing tensions and establishment of joint community mechanisms for water management

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