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Отчет
03 Октябрь 2018
Социальный мониторинг: региональный отчёт
https://www.unicef.org/eca/ru/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B/%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82
Согласно данным отчёта "Социальный мониторинг" уязвимые дети больше всего выигрывают, когда страны инвестируют средства в эффективную социальную защиту, включая денежную помощь. В докладе представлены данные о тенденциях и моделях изменения детской бедности и о влиянии социальной защиты на детей в 30 странах и территориях. В нем освещаются…, SOCIAL MONITORSocial protection for child rights and well-being in Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia REGIONAL REPORT 2 CHAPTER 1 Analytical framework of social protection for children United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) December 2015 Permission is required to reproduce any part of this publication. Permission will be…
Article
25 Ноябрь 2022
Healing old wounds
https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/healing-old-wounds
Yura, a social worker, had joined the CRWB a year earlier and was loving her work. “Guiding through people from refugee and migrant backgrounds on health-related procedures in their host country is a way to empower them to find solutions to health issues,” she explained. And this was particularly vital for those fleeing from armed conflicts and humanitarian crises. Radostina Belcheva, Project Coordinator and Deputy-Chair of CRWB explained: “In Bulgaria, refugee children arrive with their parents or – in some cases – unaccompanied. Psychological problems, infectious diseases, medically unobserved pregnancies and, in particular, a lack of immunization, are common problems that have a negative impact on their health and well-being.” Working directly with refugees, Yura would consult with families seeking to access health services, such as immunization. However, parents often lacked the necessary vaccination documents. According to Yura, “Sometimes children have not had any vaccinations, or they have been vaccinated in their country of origin, but their immunization cards have been lost or destroyed.”    Such cases required additional consultations, research and coordination, as well as testing for antibodies and immune responses when it was not clear whether the child has been vaccinated. “By empowering parents to familiarize themselves with the immunization plans and procedures we help them become proactive in following up on their children’s health,” said Yura.  
Page
17 Январь 2023
UNICEF Emergency Response Office in Slovakia
https://www.unicef.org/eca/unicef-emergency-response-office-slovakia
Context Although Slovakia grants “urgent and necessary health services” for Ukrainian citizens registered for Temporary Protection, many Ukrainians face challenges in accessing support. What is “urgent and necessary," however, is often left to the judgment of individual doctors, creating a situation in which quality of health care received by refugees can vary significantly. Ukrainian children tend to have significantly lower vaccination rates compared to Slovaks and front-line health workers are not trained to deal with vaccine hesitancy. The key challenge in the mid-long term is the management of chronic diseases, control and management of infectious and communicable disease, and provision of specialized mental health services and psychological support. In addition, there is a shortage of doctors, particularly pediatricians and nurses, with some regions being underserved even before the crisis. Under the existing legislation, Ukrainian health workers can provide services only under the direct supervision of a senior Slovak health worker, due to the shorter academic curriculum and mandated training required for doctors in Ukraine. UNI396419 UNI396419 UNI396419 UNI396419     UNICEF’s Response Support to recognition of qualifications of Ukrainian health workers is one of four areas of cooperation between UNICEF and the Ministry of Health, in addition to immunization and early childhood development, specialized mental health support, as well as health promotion and health education, including through parenting programmes. In collaboration with the Regional Health Authority in Bratislava, UNICEF supports the provision of primary healthcare services in the Bratislava region, hosting over 30,000 refugees, including more than 12,000 children. Services are provided by two general practitioners, two pediatricians, one gynecologist, and one psychiatrist under the supervision of a senior Slovak doctor. Pediatricians and breastfeeding counselors are integrated into the Blue Dots in Bratislava, Košice and Michalovce. UNI396390 UNI396390 UNI396390 UNI396390   Since 15 July 2022, primary healthcare services have been provided to over 43,000 children and women through UNICEF-supported mechanisms, including consultations for mental health, referrals to higher levels of care, and vaccination of children against measles, polio, and so on.
Article
04 Ноябрь 2022
Building demand for health services: the importance of health literacy
https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/building-demand-health-services-importance-health-literacy
The success of the Initiative lies in its two-pronged approach. First, UNICEF and its partners in the five countries consulted young refugees, migrants and their caregivers on their priority health issues, as well as the gaps in health information and in their own knowledge. At every stage, their views, plus the views of UNICEF’s implementing partners on the ground, have informed health literacy packages that were rolled out in all five countries, spanning topics from the importance of immunization and the importance of breastfeeding to GBV, MHPSS and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). Second, the materials have been backed by communication plans to make sure their messages landed with their audience, and the materials produced have been culturally appropriate, gender sensitive and, where necessary, child-friendly. Cultural mediators and interpreters have helped to overcome language and cultural barriers, while materials have been made available in many languages, including Arabic, Farsi, Pashto, Tigrinya, Urdu and Wolof, as well as in large print and sign-language versions. Health literacy activities have been led by professionals who are already trusted by refugees and migrants. Materials have been shared through the channels and in the places they use most often, including asylum offices, temporary reception centres, health centres, Mother and Baby Corners, workshops and discussion sessions, during outreach activities and via social media.  
Article
29 Ноябрь 2022
How a pair of spectacles changed one girl’s life
https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/how-pair-spectacles-changed-one-girls-life
3484 refugee and migrant children accessed health checks and referrals to public healthcare services, including to immunization, with UNICEF support – almost 3 times the number targeted for the Initiative. 3338 refugee and migrant children accessed mother, and child healthcare, including infant and young child feeding counselling, with UNICEF support – more than twice as many as originally targeted. Implementing partners: Danish Refugee Council, Fenix, Medicins du Monde, Save the Children International, World Vision. An independent evaluation of the ‘RM Child-Health’ Initiative has taken stock of its impact in Bosnia and Herzegovina. [1] This impact was driven, in large part, by close collaboration between the Initiative and other UNICEF programme areas, particularly health, early childhood development and social inclusion, and by strong relationships with implementing partners: the Danish Refugee Council, Fenix, Medicins du Monde and World Vision. Refugees, migrants and service providers have valued the Initiative, with surveys carried out by UNICEF’s implementing partners finding that the activities responded to needs. The beneficiaries were highly satisfied with both the paediatric services provided and the awareness raising and training delivered. The Initiative was swift to adapt to new and emerging needs, including the COVID-19 pandemic, modifying its information and training materials and approaches to keep health services going. UNICEF and its partners obtained official approval for health workers to work in other cantons and organized transport to get them there, helping to provide cover for health workers who were infected with COVID-19. [2] Partners also held more frequent meetings with fewer participants to maintain social distancing. In response to requests from refugees and migrants, the Initiative added nutrition information as well as mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) services for children. Prior to the Initiative, MHPSS services had focused on adults only. Similarly, the Initiative led to the expansion of routine immunization to refugee and migrant children who had not previously been covered – with obvious benefits for the wider population as this critical immunization gap was closed. In addition, the work of the International Organization for Migration in Bosnia and Herzegovina now follows UNICEF’s protocol on the provision of baby formula milk. [3] Cantonal health institutes in Bosnia and Herzegovina are now better informed regarding the health conditions of refugees and migrants. UNICEF has also succeeded in integrating Roma and host communities in awareness-raising efforts on health delivered to refugee and migrant populations.   This story is part of the Project ‘Strengthening Refugee and Migrant Children’s Health Status in Southern and South Eastern Europe’, Co-funded by the Health Programme of the European Union (the ‘RM Child-Health’ initiative). It represents the views of the author only and is her sole responsibility; it cannot be considered to reflect the views of the European Commission and/or the European Health and Digital Executive Agency (HaDEA) or any other body of the European Union. The European Commission and the Agency do not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains. *Names changed to protect identities. [1] IOD PARC , Evaluation of the UNICEF Project: Strengthening Refugee and Migrant Children’s Health Status in Southern and South-Eastern Europe. [2] UNICEF ECARO staff. [3] UNICEF CO staff.
Article
01 Ноябрь 2022
Building ‘muscle memory’
https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/building-muscle-memory
EU Health programme The ‘RM Child-Health’ initiative has supported work across five European countries to strengthen the capacity of national health systems to meet the health needs of refugee and migrant children. As the programme draws to a close, we review its impact on that capacity, recognizing that a health system that works for vulnerable children is a health system that works for every child.     Support from the ‘RM Child-Health’ initiative has reinforced and enhanced health systems across five European countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy and Serbia), helping them to deliver the high-quality services that every child needs, regardless of where they come from. This €4.3 million initiative, launched in 2020 by the European Union Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety, has aimed to strengthen the capacity of health systems to deliver health care to refugee and migrant children so that no child is overlooked or left behind. This has been crucial for overcoming the obstacles that have confronted so many refugee and migrant families when trying to access health care. As the initiative ends, an independent evaluation has found that it has succeeded in its goal of strengthening the capacity of national authorities. In particular, the Initiative has helped to enhance access to mental health and psycho-social support (MHPSS), life-saving immunization, services to prevent and respond to gender-based violence (GBV), and services for maternal and new-born health care and nutrition.  
Press release
19 Декабрь 2022
Vaccination campaign targeting Ukrainian refugees in Czech Republic launched today
https://www.unicef.org/eca/press-releases/vaccination-campaign-targeting-ukrainian-refugees-czech-republic-launched-today
A campaign to drive uptake of routine and COVID-19 vaccination among Ukrainian refugees and the Ukrainian community was launched today in Brno, Czech Republic, by the Ministry of Health in collaboration with UNICEF. "This campaign builds upon the success of the previous one, which reached half a milion people with COVID-19 vaccination, including 420,000 people with a second booster dose. This time, we are focusing on the Ukrainian community in the Czech Republic because of the low vaccination coverage against measles and polio among Ukrainian children. By joining hands with UNICEF, we wish to tackle the spread of misinformation with practical and reliable information on the safety and effectiveness of vaccines,“ said Czech Health Minister Vlastimil Válek. “Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases. Since the start of the war, Ukraine has faced widespread disruption to healthcare services, including childhood and COVID-19 immunization programmes. The Czech Republic welcomed 140,000 Ukrainian refugee children this year. We need to make sure they all have access to basic health services, including vaccination. UNICEF is pleased to play a key role, alongside the Ministry of Health, in improving vaccination coverage and build trust in vaccines through the provision of information in Ukrainian ,” said Yulia Oleinik, Head of UNICEF Refugee Response Office in the Czech Republic. UNICEF is supporting the Ministry of Health with campaign content and microsite, and ensuring a wide reach of campaign messages. The microsite will provide useful and verfied information such as history of immunisation, data, practical tips and recommendations for preventing and treating diseases, as well as a map of vaccination sites across the country. The microsite will go live in December, while a Ukrainian language helpline is already accessible by dialling  +420226201221. 1 UNICEF
Press release
15 Декабрь 2022
More than 450,000 children and families supported through continued service delivery during COVID-19 pandemic
https://www.unicef.org/eca/press-releases/more-450000-children-and-families-supported-through-continued-service-delivery
Brussels/Geneva, 15 December 2022 – UNICEF and the European Commission Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations today marked the conclusion of the two-year programme “Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on the most vulnerable children and families in the Western Balkans and Turkey” during a closing online event. Key benefits of the EU-UNICEF programme reached more than 450,000 families and children in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo * , Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Türkiye. “ Childhood and growing up in the time of COVID-19 was put on hold while governments around the world looked for the ways to adapt policies and services in the context of the biggest health crisis in this century,” said UNICEF Europe and Central Asia Deputy Regional Director Philippe Cori. “Thanks to the support of the EU, UNICEF worked with partners in the Western Balkans and T ürkiye to minimize the impact of this crisis on the most vulnerable children and families and to position children’s needs at the forefront of policy decision making.” The programme demonstrated the benefits of investment in the continuation and adaptation of essential services for families and children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the countries of the region benefitted from research and evidence gathering for improved policy making and systems strengthening through capacity building of professionals in the areas of health, child protection, education and early childhood development. Key results are policies, systems and services that can withstand future health crises.  “ The EU places a very strong importance on the development of human capital. Now is the time to draw lessons from the tough circumstances of the last few years and ensure that real reform of the social systems is undertaken at the national level throughout the region ,” said Hillen Francke, Head of Sector for Western Balkans Regional Programmes, Directorate General for European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations.   Families and children in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia were supported through: Continuation of health services, including immunization, protection of breastfeeding and home visiting programmes  Support for mental health of children and adolescents through children’s helplines (programme was also implemented in Türkiye) Improved mechanism for reporting and referral of children at risk of violence or in need of additional support Implementation of inclusive and contemporary education approaches that utilize digital technologies in teaching and learning Enhanced early childhood development services, including parental support through parenting application that reached more than 70,000 parents in Albania, Montenegro, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Serbia with quality advice on health, caregiving, nutrition, early learning and child development UNICEF and the European Commission Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations launched this two-year,  €5.25 million programme (€ 5 million EU contribution), to strengthen national health, education, early childhood development, and child protection systems to ensure continuity in the provision of core services for vulnerable children and their families in the immediate and the longer-term recovery response to COVID-19. The initiative has been implemented in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Türkiye, and has reached more than 450,000 children and families. More information about the programme and its results can be found here * This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSC 1244 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence Blocks image UNICEF image UNICEF
Article
21 Ноябрь 2022
Snapshots from the ‘RM Child-Health’ initiative in Greece
https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/snapshots-rm-child-health-initiative-greece
Over 3000 children and 2300 mothers benefited from access to services, including psychosocial support, GBV prevention and support and mother and childcare services – almost three times as many as originally targeted for the Initiative. 3600 refugee and migrant children and parents received UNICEF-supported information on GBV prevention and response, immunization, maternal and child health, and mental health and psychosocial support services – more than twice as many as originally targeted. Implementing partners: Caritas, Diotima, ELIX, Iliaktida, The Melissa Network, Metadrasi, Solidarity Now   An independent evaluation of the ‘RM Child-Health’ Initiative has taken stock of its impact in Greece since 2020. [2] It has confirmed that the Initiative’s flexibility and its focus on system strengthening has supported the expansion of capacity in situations where these systems have been over-stretched. This could be seen on the island of Lesvos, Greece, where human resources in state-run facilities have faced serious constraints in meeting the demand for health care, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and where partnership with Reception and Identification Centres has proved crucial. All training delivered under the ‘RM Child-Health Initiative’ was delivered in a way that was relevant for participants and responsive to their needs. The starting point was their existing knowledge and experience, aiming to build their sense of ownership and engagement. They were also consulted to assess what kind of support to prioritize. This process revealed challenging areas that were added to the training: working with vulnerable children; professional stress and burnout; and the importance of cross-sectoral cooperation. The training was also flexible, incorporating a module on how to deliver training online during the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to the pandemic, implementing partners used a hybrid approach to reach refugees and migrants during lockdowns. They piloted community-based activities at four sites, and all service provision shifted to remote programming via telephone and internet. In camps, UNICEF’s partners complemented remote delivery with tent-to-tent visits. [3]   Partners created WhatsApp social groups for different age groups and shared ideas for coping with lockdowns. [4] Simple and engaging visuals on COVID-19 prevention and on how to maintain good nutrition during the pandemic were developed and shared. Child-friendly information posters and stickers on COVID-19 prevention are now on display wherever refugees and migrants congregate. Stakeholders have also reported greater awareness of child nutrition and the importance of breastfeeding. In Lesvos, the needs assessment for the training found that kits for mothers contained breastmilk substitutes. A set of training materials on the benefits of breastfeeding was produced, including a ‘truth or myth’ game for use with pregnant or lactating women. The training created a new network of people who have kept in touch, with some asking for more information. Implementing partners have noticed that training participants have started to collaborate in the camps, with midwives and volunteers, for example, working together. In one camp, there have been no requests for breastmilk substitutes since the training. [5] The Initiative has supported extensive work on gender-based violence, including the mapping of GBV service providers and referral mechanisms to state-run shelters and counselling centres. The work of UNICEF’s implementing partner, Melissa, has been notable: delivering mental health and psychosocial services (MHPSS) through group therapy. This approach, which built trust, proved vital during the COVID-19 pandemic because it could be transferred smoothly to online delivery to maintain women’s engagement. A separate grant provided women with tablets, which they often called ‘Melissa’s eye in their house’, saying that it made them feel safer. Melissa also developed a code women could use to ask for help. Women felt secure enough to share their experiences, knowing that they would get the right support. This resulted in a high rate of self-disclosure. Women were referred quickly without having to complete extensive questionnaires. Instead, a team of highly skilled psychologists and therapists identified GBV survivors and provided follow up.   This story is part of the Project ‘Strengthening Refugee and Migrant Children’s Health Status in Southern and South Eastern Europe’, Co-funded by the Health Programme of the European Union (the ‘RM Child-Health’ initiative). It represents the views of the author only and is her sole responsibility; it cannot be considered to reflect the views of the European Commission and/or the European Health and Digital Executive Agency (HaDEA) or any other body of the European Union. The European Commission and the Agency do not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains. [1] Names changed to protect privacy. [2] IOD PARC , Evaluation of the UNICEF Project: Strengthening Refugee and Migrant Children’s Health Status in Southern and South-Eastern Europe. [3] UNICEF CO staff. [4] UNICEF CO staff. [5] IP
Article
18 Ноябрь 2022
Reaching refugee and migrant children during COVID-19
https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/reaching-refugee-and-migrant-children-during-covid-19
725 refugee and migrant children participated in UNICEF-supported psychosocial support sessions and referrals to specialized mental health services – almost 3 times more than the number originally targeted for the Initiative. 450 refugee and migrant children participated in UNICEF-supported gender-based violence (GBV) prevention activities and referral to national authorities’ GBV response services – 3 times more than the number originally targeted. Implementing partners: Centro Penc, INTERSOS, Medicins du Monde, Save the Children. The independent evaluation of the ‘RM Child-Health’ Initiative has taken stock of its impact in Italy since 2020. [2] It has confirmed that the Initiative’s preventive, cross-sectoral and comprehensive approach to health is helping to build long-term resilience. Italy is a prime example, as refugee flows into the country have changed in terms of their origins and arrival locations. More refugees are now arriving from Greece and Turkey, rather than via the North Africa route, and refugees are arriving in different locations, such as Calabria and Sardinia, rather than Lampedusa in Sicily. Some have landed on the shores of Roccella Ionica, for example, a small town of just 6,000 inhabitants in Calabria, where health facilities are limited. UNICEF and its partners have been able to draw on the experience of the ‘RM Child Health’ Initiative to create a resilient response by: mapping existing services at the regional level so partners can refer new arrivals setting up services at the disembarkation point as well as reception facilities, so the team at the disembarkation point can send key information to the team at the reception centre about the health needs of unaccompanied and separated refugee and migrant children, in particular. establishing networks of local authorities, service providers and non-governmental organizations to support the response drawing on the Initiative’s previous experience on psychological first aid, the information needs of refugees and migrants, and activities to reduce stress so that local partners have ‘ready-made’ solutions to offer new arrivals establishing a partnership with an association of cultural mediators that has a roster, enabling partners to mobilize mediators who speak different languages and who understand diverse cultures. The Initiative has also supported the mapping of best practices and ‘what works’ in mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) services for refugee and migrant children, as well as referral mechanisms. It has supported the development of materials in diverse languages that are now available for linguistic and cultural mediators, health workers, social workers and others. These include Q&As on subjects that are often sensitive and difficult for young refugees, migrants and even frontline workers to discuss, such as GBV and (in partnership with the United Nations Population Fund) sexual and reproductive health and rights. Most recently, the Initiative has supported the development, production and dissemination of clear information on menstrual hygiene. All materials have used clear, concise, user-friendly language to dispel the many myths and misconceptions around these issues. Realizing the greater difficulties faced by refugees and migrants in accessing services as a result of lockdowns, UNICEF’s partners in Italy continued to deliver remote and in-person health screenings and online psychological support and case management to those who were most vulnerable. [3] , [4] Brochures on immunization, GBV and mental health and MHPSS were disseminated during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as short videos on all these topics, which are available through U-Report on the Move. [5] The impact often went beyond health itself: UNICEF has enhanced the capacity of partners on Protection Against Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) [6] and shared indicators and tools to inform work with unaccompanied and separated children, strengthening the capacity of frontline staff to work with these children. [7] One partner also noted that support for documentation linked to COVID-19 resulted in more refugee and migrant children attending school (even if virtually) and a decrease in dropouts. [8]   This story is part of the Project ‘Strengthening Refugee and Migrant Children’s Health Status in Southern and South Eastern Europe’, Co-funded by the Health Programme of the European Union (the ‘RM Child-Health’ initiative). It represents the views of the author only and is her sole responsibility; it cannot be considered to reflect the views of the European Commission and/or the European Health and Digital Executive Agency (HaDEA) or any other body of the European Union. The European Commission and the Agency do not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains. [1] Names of refugees and migrants have been changed to protect privacy. [2] IOD PARC , Evaluation of the UNICEF Project: Strengthening Refugee and Migrant Children’s Health Status in Southern and South-Eastern Europe [3] International Professional staff. [4] Italy: detailed Implementation Plan, revised 01062020. [5] U-Report is a digital platform that lets young migrants and refugees in Italy speak out on issues that matter to them and be heard by decision makers: U-Report On The Move | Linktree [6] International Professional staff. [7] Government representative. [8] International Professional staff.
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09 Июнь 2021
Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on children and families in the Western Balkans and Türkiye
https://www.unicef.org/eca/mitigating-impact-covid-19-children-and-families-western-balkans-and-t%C3%BCrkiye
There is abundant evidence that children bear a heavy burden resulting from disrupted essential services, increased social isolation, and loss of family income. In pandemic times, parents and caregivers are more likely to feel overwhelmed with providing stimulation and care for their young children and delay seeking prompt medical attention for children. Childhood immunization and other basic services were often suspended. School closures can mean a year of lost learning and children become more susceptible to dropping out. Uncertainties have created family distress, which contributes to serious mental health issues, especially among children who are vulnerable to violence and abuse. The pandemic has deepened pre-existing vulnerabilities of children with disabilities and children living in poverty. In 2021, UNICEF and the European Commission Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations launched a two-year initiative to strengthen national health, education, early childhood development, and child protection systems to ensure continuity in the provision of core services for vulnerable children and their families in the immediate and the longer-term recovery response to COVID-19. The initiative is being implemented in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo* [1] , Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Türkiye.  
Article
08 Ноябрь 2022
From curiosity to confidence
https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/curiosity-confidence
An independent evaluation of the Initiative has captured its impact on health policy implementation by frontline workers. The training of government officials and the staff of implementing partners has, for example, generated noticeable behaviour change in health service providers and the way in which they deliver services. [1] Importantly, it has also helped public health workers to develop more effective ways to cope with their own stress. [2] Feedback from pre- and post-training assessments has confirmed that knowledge has improved. [3] Services have been mapped out across the five countries, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) have been improved, and referral services that connect children and their caregivers to specialized health care have been enhanced. [4] ; [5] With support from the Initiative, public health officials interacted (often for the first time) with cultural mediators, resulting in greater appreciation for their vital work. The Initiative has also increased health professionals’ understanding of the importance of immunization and treatment of mental health issues, as well as raising awareness and understanding of substance abuse among children and adolescents. [6] ; [7] National partners now have greater capacity on key issues. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, for example, the International Organization for Migration now follows UNICEF’s protocol on the provision of baby formula milk. [8] In Italy, UNICEF was able to enhance the capacity of partners on Protection Against Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) [9] and disseminate indicators, tools and protocols to inform work with unaccompanied and separated children, which has strengthened the capacity of frontline staff to work with these children. [10] The Project also helped to increase the knowledge of public health institutions. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, cantonal health institutes are now better informed on refugee and migrant health conditions. [11] Targets for this aspect of the ‘RM Child-Health Initiative’ have often been exceeded. In Bulgaria, for example, the Initiative aimed to ensure that 30 health authorities, service providers and other frontline workers (disaggregated by authority) completed UNICEF-supported training on health issues for refugee and migrant children and international best practice. In all, 170 completed this training – more than five times the original target. In Serbia, around twice as many professionals were reached as originally intended, with workshops reaching a wide range of professionals, including educators, trainers, guardians from centres for social work, Commissariat staff, and frontline health staff such as doctors and psychologists. [12] This training is continuing to reach staff, even though the Initiative itself has come to an end. Training was delivered in a way that was relevant to participants and responsive to their needs. In Greece, for example, the starting point for the training was the existing knowledge and experience of participants, aiming to build their sense of ownership and engagement, and the training built on an assessment of their training needs. The communities participating in the training were also consulted to assess what kind of support to prioritize. This process revealed challenging areas that needed to be added to the training: working with vulnerable children; professional stress and burnout; and the importance of cross-sectoral cooperation. The training was also flexible, incorporating a module on how to deliver training online during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Lesvos, Greece, the needs assessment for the training found that kits for mothers contained breastmilk substitutes. A set of training materials was produced for a wide range of participants, including staff from non-governmental organizations, the state-run health provider and site management organizations as well as volunteers in the camps and other professional in Lesvos, such as teachers. These materials included a ‘truth or myth’ game for use with pregnant or lactating women. The training created a new network of people who have kept in touch, with some asking for more information on how to deal with specific cases. Implementing partners have noticed that training participants have started to collaborate in the camps, with midwives and volunteers, for example, working together. In one camp, there have been no requests for breastmilk substitutes since this initiative. [13]  
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