Glossary: U -- W

Under-five Mortality Rate (U5MR)

HDR defines the Under-five Mortality Rate (U5MR) as the probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age, expressed per 1,000 live births. Türkçe

United Nations Development Programme, The (UNDP)

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations global development network, advocating for change and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. UNDP is on the ground in 166 countries, working with local communities on their own solutions to global and national development challenges. Developing their local capacity, communities draw on the people of UNDP and it’s wide range of partners. Türkçe

United Nations Population Fund, The (UNFPA)

The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is the world’s largest international source of funding for population and reproductive health programmes. Since 1969 when it was established, UNFPA has provided nearly $6 billion in assistance to developing countries. UNFPA works with governments and NGOs in over 140 countries, at their request, and with the support of the international community. UNFPA supports programmes that help people to plan their families and avoid unwanted pregnancies, to undergo pregnancy and childbirth safely, to avoid STDs -- including HIV/AIDS -- and to combat violence against women. Türkçe

United Nations Girls’ Education Initiative, The (UNGEI)

The United Nations Girls’ Education Initiative (UNGEI) was launched in April 2000 at the World Education Forum in Dakar by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan. Its goal is to narrow the gender gap in primary and secondary education by 2005 and to ensure that by 2015, all children complete primary schooling, with girls and boys having equal access to all levels of education. Türkçe

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, The (UNESCO)

UNESCO -- the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation -- was founded on the 16th of November 1945. UNESCO promotes international co-operation among its 190 (as of October 2003) Member States and six Associate Members in the fields of education, science, culture and communication. Türkçe

United Nations Children’s Fund, The (UNICEF)

The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was established by the United Nations General Assembly on the 11th of December, 1946. Although the name was shortened to The United Nations Children’s Fund in 1953, the organisation is still known by its popular acronym. Guided by the CRC, UNICEF provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries through programmes that emphasise developing community-level services to promote the health and well-being of children. As a non-profit organisation, UNICEF relies on contributions from governments and private donors. Türkçe

United Nations Special Session on Children, The (UNSCC)

Following on from the WSC, where participating governments signed the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children, the UN Special Session was successfully rescheduled for May 8 - 10th, 2002. It is hoped that the outcome document, A World Fit for Children, will influence all development agendas concerning children in the coming decade. Türkçe

United Nations Women’s Development Fund, The (UNIFEM)

UNIFEM is the women’s fund at the United Nations. UNIFEM provides financial and technical assistance to innovative programmes and strategies that promote women’s human rights, political participation and economic security. Within the UN system, UNIFEM promotes gender equality and links women’s issues and concerns to national, regional and global agendas by fostering collaboration and providing technical expertise on gender mainstreaming and women’s empowerment strategies. Türkçe

United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent federal government agency that receives overall foreign policy guidance from the Secretary of State. USAID supports long-term and equitable economic growth and advances US foreign policy objectives by supporting: economic growth, agriculture and trade; global health; democracy; conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance. USAID’s history goes back to the Marshall Plan reconstruction of Europe after World War Two and the Truman Administration’s Point Four Programme. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy signed the Foreign Assistance Act into law, effectively creating USAID by executive order. Türkçe

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

Some 56 years have elapsed since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations on 10 December 1948. The Declaration was one of the first major achievements of the United Nations, and after 56 years remains a powerful instrument which continues to exert an enormous effect on people’s lives all over the world. The adoption of the Universal Declaration stems in large part from the strong desire for peace in the aftermath of the Second World War. The document has been described as a Magna Carta for all humanity owing to its focus on the universality, indivisibility and interrelationship of all human rights. Over 300 translations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are deposited at the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Türkçe

World Bank, The

The World Bank Group’s mission is to fight poverty and improve the living standards of people in the developing world. It is a development Bank which provides loans, policy advice, technical assistance and knowledge sharing services to low and middle income countries to reduce poverty. The Bank promotes growth to create jobs and to empower poor people to take advantage of these opportunities. The World Bank's mission in Turkey is to set the country on a path of sustained and steady economic development and improve the living conditions of its people. Türkçe

World Summit for Children, The (WSC)

Participating governments gathered to undertake a joint commitment and to make an urgent universal appeal: to give every child a better future. The World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children was agreed to on 30th September, 1990. Participants met again at the United Nations Special Session on Children in May, 2002, in order to review progress made during the intervening decade. Türkçe

World Health Organization, The (WHO)

The United Nations specialised agency for health. Since 1992, UNICEF and WHO have been working in partnership on IMCI, a strategy for reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with the major causes of childhood illness. The current focus is on improving the quality of care of children at first-level health facilities where millions of children arrive sick each day, most of them with one or more of the major causes of illness and death. Türkçe

Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, The (WFCL)

The Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (WFCL) was adopted on 17 June 1999 by the General Conference of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) at its eighty-seventh session and entered into force on 19 November 2000. The WFCL was ratified by Turkey on 2 August 2001. The WFCL commits signatory states to eliminating unacceptable forms of labour that endanger children, deny children the right to education or expose children to illicit activities. The worst forms of child labour manifest themselves in violations of a nation’s minimum age laws; threats to a child’s physical, mental or emotional well being; intolerable abuses such as child slavery, forced labour or hazardous working conditions; illicit activities such as drug and contraband trafficking or debt bondage -- and work that prevents a child from going to school. Türkçe

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