Official Summary
The State of the World's Children 2002: Leadership

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Please check against print version of the report to assure accuracy.

Table 7: Women

  Under-5 mortality rank Life expectancy: females as a % of males
2000 		Adult literacy rate: females as a % of males
2000 		Enrolment ratios: females as a % of males Contraceptive prevalence (%)
1995-2001* 		Antenatal care coverage (%)
 1995-2000* 		Skilled attendant at delivery (%)
1995-2000* 		Maternal mortality ratio† reported
1985-99*
primary school secondary school
1995-99* 1995-97*
Afghanistan 4 100 41 9 34 2x - - -
Albania 96 109 - 102 103 - 95 - -
Algeria 70 104 68 96 95 57 58x 77x 220x
Andorra 160 - - - - - - - -
Angola 2 107 - 93x - 8 - 23 -
Antigua and Barbuda 145 - 104 - - 53 82 100 150
Argentina 123 110 100 98 111 74x 95x 98 41
Armenia 98 109 - 107 107x 61 92 97 35
Australia 163 108 - 100 103 76x 100x 100x -
Austria 175 108 - 99 97 51 100x 100x -
Azerbaijan 47 110 97 99 111 55 69 88 80
Bahamas 137 114 102 100 103x 62x - - -
Bahrain 141 106 91 101 108 62 97 98 46
Bangladesh 55 102 57 97 52x 54 33 13 350
Barbados 146 107 99 98 89x 55 89 91 0
Belarus 129 117 99 95 104 50 100 100 20
Belgium 163 108 - 98 106 78x - 100x -
Belize 83 103 101 93 111x 56 96 77x 140
Benin 25 106 45 66 42 37 80 60 500
Bhutan 51 103 55 76 29x 31 - 15x 380
Bolivia 57 105 86 96 85x 48 69 59 390
Bosnia and Herzegovina 137 107 91 100 - 48 99 100 10
Botswana 50 100 107 99 111 48 97 99 330
Brazil 90 113 100 96x 116x 77 86 92 160
Brunei Darussalam 160 107 93 95 115 - 100x 98x 0
Bulgaria 141 112 99 99 99 86 - - 15
Burkina Faso 12 104 39 69 55x 12 61 31 480
Burundi 14 103 72 81 56 9x 79x 19x -
Cambodia 32 109 - 88 60 24 38 34 440
Cameroon 25 104 85 84 69x 26 75 56 430
Canada 163 108 - 98 100 75 - 100x -
Cape Verde 84 109 77 93 104 53 99 89 35
Central African Rep. 19 107 58 71 40x 28 67 44 1100
Chad 12 107 61 55 27 8 42 16 830
Chile 148 108 100 98 108 56x 95x 100 23
China 84 106 84 99 90 91 - 70 55
Colombia 98 110 100 100 107 77 91 86 80
Comoros 55 105 89 86 76x 26 74 62 -
Congo 45 108 85 91 73 - - - -
Congo, Dem. Rep. 9 106 - 73 59x 8x - - -
Cook Islands 117 - - 97 - 50x - 99x -
Costa Rica 148 105 100 99 106 75x 70 98 29
Côte d’Ivoire 22 100 70 73 48 15 88 47 600
Croatia 153 111 98 103 102 - - 100 6
Cuba 153 105 100 100 112 73 100 100 33
Cyprus 160 105 96 100 103 - - 100x 0
Czech Rep. 175 110 - 98 103 69x 99x 99x 9
Denmark 175 107 - 99 102 78x - 100x 10
Djibouti 27 105 59 73 71 - - - -
Dominica 141 - - 113 - 50 100 100 65
Dominican Rep. 75 108 100 100x 138x 64 98 99 230x
East Timor - 104 - - - - - - -
Ecuador 94 107 96 99 104x 66 69 99 160
Egypt 82 105 65 93 88 56 53 61 170
El Salvador 84 109 93 100 117 60 76 90 120
Equatorial Guinea 24 108 81 85 - - 37x 5x -
Eritrea 41 104 - 84 71 8 49 21 1000
Estonia 123 117 - 98 108 70x - - 50
Ethiopia 21 105 76 60 71 8 27 10 -
Fiji 120 106 96 99 102x 32x - - 38
Finland 175 109 - 101 114 77x 100x 100x 6
France 175 109 - 98 99 75x 99x 99x 10
Gabon 54 106 78 97 - - 94 - 520
Gambia 35 107 68 85 63 10 - 44x -
Georgia 103 112 100 100 97 41 95 96 50
Germany 175 108 - 100 98 75x - 100x 8
Ghana 49 104 77 88 64x 22 88 44 210x
Greece 163 107 97 100 101 - - - 1
Grenada 109 - - 89 - 54x 98 99 1
Guatemala 72 110 80 89 92 38 60 41 190
Guinea 20 102 49 59 35 6 71 35 530
Guinea-Bissau 8 107 40 61 44x 1x 62 25 910
Guyana 62 114 99 95 107 41x - - 110
Haiti 37 112 91 97 95x 28 79 27 520
Holy See - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 84 110 109 102 128x 50 84 55 110
Hungary 153 113 100 98 103 77x - - 15
Iceland 187 106 - 100 99 - - - -
India 53 102 61 83 66 48 60 42 540
Indonesia 75 106 89 94 87 55 89 56 380
Iran 80 103 84 92 90 73 77 86 37
Iraq 34 105 - 86 63 14x 78 54x -
Ireland 163 107 - 99 108 - - 100x 6
Israel 163 105 96 100x 106x - - 99x 5
Italy 163 109 99 99 101 78x - - 7
Jamaica 129 105 110 96 106x 66 99 95 95
Japan 187 109 - 101 101x 59x 96 100x 8
Jordan 91 104 89 100 104x 57 - - 41
Kazakhstan 60 119 100 100 111 66 91 99 65
Kenya 38 104 85 99 85 39 76 44 590
Kiribati 64 - - - - 28x 88x 72x -
Korea, Dem. People’s Rep. 98 108 - 94x - - - - 110
Korea, Rep. of 175 111 97 101 100 81 - 98x 20
Kuwait 151 105 95 96 100 50 95 98 5
Kyrgyzstan 71 113 - 100 111 60 97 98 65
Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 47 106 68 82 68 19x 29 21 650
Latvia 123 117 100 99 104 - - 100x 45
Lebanon 94 104 87 96 109 63 87 89 100
Lesotho 33 100 127 96 144 23x 88 60 -
Liberia 5 104 53 74 39x 6x 83x - -
Libya 129 106 74 100x 100x 45 81 94 75
Liechtenstein 150 - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 123 115 100 97 104 - - - 18
Luxembourg 175 109 - 107x 106x - - 100x 0
Madagascar 30 104 - 99 100 19 73 46 490
Malawi 15 100 63 90 57 31 90x 55x 1100
Malaysia 153 107 91 101 114 55x - 96 41
Maldives 57 99 100 98 100x 32 - 90x 350
Mali 6 104 69 67 50 7 47 24 580
Malta 163 108 102 99 95 - - 98x -
Marshall Islands 68 - - 99 - 37x - - -
Mauritania 18 106 58 90 52 8 48x 40x 550x
Mauritius 129 110 92 101 105 26 - 99 21
Mexico 98 109 96 109 100 70 86 86 55
Micronesia, Fed. States of 117 - - - - - - - -
Moldova, Rep. of 92 111 99 99 104 74 99 - 28
Monaco 175 - - - - - - - -
Mongolia 59 107 100 100 135 42 97 93 150
Morocco 77 106 58 81 77 59 42 40 230
Mozambique 11 105 47 76 56 10 71 44 1100
Myanmar 43 109 91 97 103x 33 76 56 230
Namibia 67 100 98 100 118 29x 87x 76 230
Nauru 98 - - 94 - - - - -
Nepal 51 98 40 74 51x 39 27 12 540
Netherlands 175 108 - 98 96 79x - 100 7
New Zealand 163 107 - 100 105 75 95x 95x 15
Nicaragua 78 108 100 103 118 60 82 65 150
Niger 3 100 35 61 56 14 41 16 590
Nigeria 17 102 78 87 85x 15 64 42 -
Niue - - - 100 - - - 99x -
Norway 187 108 - 100 96 74x - 100x 6
Occupied Palestinian Territories 113 104 - - - - 96 97 -
Oman 146 104 77 95 96 40 96 91 14
Pakistan 43 100 48 70 52x 17 28 20 -
Palau 103 - - - - 47x - 99x -
Panama 109 107 98 96x 108x 58x 72 90 70
Papua New Guinea 42 104 81 157 65 26 78 53 370
Paraguay 96 107 98 97 107 57 89 71 190
Peru 74 107 90 98 93 64 67 56 270
Philippines 84 106 100 101 106x 47 86 56 170
Poland 151 113 100 98 99 49x - 99x 8
Portugal 163 110 95 95 109x 66x - 98x 8
Qatar 141 103 103 94 98 43 94x 98 10
Romania 120 109 98 98 99 64 - 99 42
Russian Federation 120 122 99 99x 110x - - 99 44
Rwanda 16 105 82 100 75x 21x 92 31 -
Saint Kitts and Nevis 113 - - 93 - 41 100x 99 130
Saint Lucia 135 107 - 98 - 47 100x 100 30
Saint Vincent/Grenadines 113 - - 84 - 58 92 99 43
Samoa 109 111 - 97 112 30 - 76x -
San Marino 163 - - - - - - - -
Sao Tome and Principe 60 - - - - 10x - - -
Saudi Arabia 103 103 80 93 88 32 90 91 -
Senegal 30 106 59 79 60 11 77 51 560
Seychelles 139 - - 100 - - - - -
Sierra Leone 1 105 45 69x 59x 4 68 42 -
Singapore 187 107 92 98 110 74x - - 6
Slovakia 153 112 100 99 104 74x 98x - 9
Slovenia 175 110 - 100 103 - - 100x 11
Solomon Islands 113 104 - 87x 67x 25x - 85x 550x
Somalia 7 109 - 50x 60x 1x 32 - -
South Africa 64 108 98 88 120 56 94 84 -
Spain 175 109 98 98 110 81 - - 6
Sri Lanka 135 109 94 98 110 69 98 94x 60
Sudan 45 104 67 90 90 10x 75x 86x 550
Suriname 92 107 97 97x 116x 42 91 95 110
Swaziland 28 102 97 94 98 21x - 56x 230
Sweden 187 106 - 100 120 78x - 100x 5
Switzerland 187 108 - 99x 94x 82 - - 5
Syria 103 103 68 95 89 46 51x 76x 110x
Tajikistan 63 109 99 98 89 34 71 71 65
Tanzania 23 104 79 99 83 22 49 36 530
TFYR Macedonia 109 106 - 98 97 - 100 97 7
Thailand 103 109 97 97 97x 72 86 - 44
Togo 28 104 59 71 35 24 82 51 480
Tonga 123 - - 97 - 0 - 92x -
Trinidad and Tobago 129 107 99 99 104 53x 98x 99 70
Tunisia 108 103 74 94 95 66 79 90 70
Turkey 78 107 82 88 71 64 68 81 130x
Turkmenistan 64 111 - - - 62 - 97 65
Tuvalu 73 - - 100 - - - 100x -
Uganda 36 105 74 88 60 15 91 38 510
Ukraine 123 117 - 99x 107x 89 - 100 25
United Arab Emirates 153 105 109 98 106 28 97 96 3
United Kingdom 163 107 - 100 116 82x - - 7
United States 159 108 - 99 99 76 99x 99x 8
Uruguay 139 110 101 97 119 84 94 100 26
Uzbekistan 69 109 100 100 88x 67 97 96 21
Vanuatu 80 104 - 102x 78x 15x - 87x -
Venezuela 119 109 100 103 139 77 90 95 60
Viet Nam 89 108 95 97 93x 74 68 70 95
Yemen 39 105 37 51 26 21 34 22 350
Yugoslavia 129 107 98 101 106 58 - 99 9
Zambia 10 98 84 98 62x 19 96 47 650
Zimbabwe 39 100 94 95 85 54 93 73 700
                   

Regional summaries
Sub-Saharan Africa   104 78 84 80 22 64 39 1100
Middle East and North Africa   104 72 90 86 57 65 67 360
South Asia   102 61 82 64 46 51 35 430
East Asia and Pacific   106 86 98 92 81 81 66 140
Latin America and Caribbean   110 98 100 108 71 83 84 190
CEE/CIS and Baltic States   113 97 97 100 67 82 92 55
Industrialized countries   108 - 99 102 76 98 98 12
Developing countries   105 80 91 84 62 65 53 440
Least developed countries   104 66 83 60 29 50 27 1000
World   105 87 92 89 63 70 57 400
Countries in each region are listed here.              
Definitions of the indicators Main data sources
Life expectancy at birth - The number of years newborn children would live if subject to the mortality risks prevailing for the cross-section of population at the time of their birth. Life expectancy - United Nations Population Division.
Adult literacy - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), including the Education for All 2000 Assessment.
Adult literacy rate - Percentage of persons aged 15 and over who can read and write. School enrolment - Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and UNESCO, including the Education for All 2000 Assessment.
Primary or secondary enrolment ratios - The number of children enrolled in a schooling level (primary or secondary), regardless of age, divided by the population of the age group that officially corresponds to that level. Contraceptive prevalence - DHS, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), United Nations Population Division and UNICEF.
Antenatal care - DHS, MICS, World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF.
Contraceptive prevalence - Percentage of women in union aged 15-49 years currently using contraception. Skilled attendant at delivery - DHS, MICS, WHO and UNICEF.
Antenatal care - Percentage of women aged 15-49 years attended at least once during pregnancy by skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses or midwives). Maternal mortality - WHO and UNICEF.
Skilled attendant at delivery - Percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses or midwives). † The maternal mortality data provided in this table are those reported by national authorities. Periodically, UNICEF and WHO evaluate these data and make adjustments to account for the well-documented problems of underreporting and misclassification of maternal deaths and to develop estimates for countries with no data. The regional and global totals in this table are based on the most recent of these assessments and refer to the year 1995.
Maternal mortality ratio - Annual number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births. This ‘reported’ column shows country reported figures that are not adjusted for underreporting and misclassification.
Maternal mortality ratio - Annual number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births. This ‘reported’ column shows country reported figures that are not adjusted for underreporting and misclassification.  
 
Notes - Data not available.
x Indicates data that refer to years or periods other than those specified in the column heading, differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country.
* Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified in the column heading.


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