Table 4: Education

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  Under-5
mortality
rank		 Adult literacy rate No. of sets
per 1000
population
1997		 Primary school enrolment ratio Net primary
school
attendance (%)
(1990-99*)		 % of primary
school
entrants
reaching
grade 5
1995-99*		 Secondary school
enrolment ratio
1995-97*
(gross)
 
 
  1980   1995-99* 1995-99* (gross) 1995-99* (net)
 
  male female male female radio television male female male female male female male female
                                 
Afghanistan 4 30 6 46 16 132 13 53 5 42x 15x 36 11 49 32 11
Albania 91 - - - - 259 129 106 108 100 100 - - 82x 37 38
Algeria 87 55 26 73 54 242 105 97 93 94 91 95 90 95 65 62
Andorra 161 - - - - 227 391 - - - - - - - - -
Angola 2 16x 7x 56x 29x 54 13 95x 88x - - - - 34x - -
Antigua and Barbuda 133 - - 80 83 542 463 - - - - - - - - -
Argentina 123 94 94 97 96 681 223 110 108 96x 96x - - 94 73 81
Armenia 101 - - 100 99 239 232 92 98 - - - - - 85x 91x
Australia 175 - - - - 1391 554 101 101 95 95 - - 99x 150 155
Austria 175 - - - - 751 525 104 103 90 91 - - 96 105 102
Azerbaijan 81 - - 99 96 23 22 97 96 89 90 - - 98 73 81
Bahamas 129 93 94 95 96 739 230 99 99 99 99 - - 78 88x 91x
Bahrain 142 79 59 87 73 580 472 103 104 96 98 - - 99 91 98
Bangladesh 53 41 17 63 48 50 6 98 95 80 83 75 76 70 25x 13x
Barbados 142 97 94 98 97 888 285 102 100 100 100 - - - 90x 80x
Belarus 109 99 91 100 97 292 243 101 96 87x 84x - - 96 91 95
Belgium 165 99x 99x - - 797 466 104 102 99 98 - - - 142 151
Belize 82 - - 75 75 591 183 105 98 90 86 - - 72 47x 52x
Benin 24 26 10 43 19 110 11 91 60 75 50 52 34 64 24 10
Bhutan 45 41 15 56 28 19 6 82 62 58 47 - - 86 7x 2x
Bolivia 55 80 59 92 78 675 116 99 95 95x 87x 95x 95x 47 40x 34x
Bosnia and Herzegovina 137 - - 98 89 267 0 100 100 100 100 - - - - -
Botswana 69 56 59 70 75 154 20 119 118 98 99 - - 86 61 68
Brazil 89 76 73 86 85 434 223 100x 96x - - 93x 94x 71 31x 36x
Brunei Darussalam 154 85 68 93 85 302 250 109 104 90x 91x - - 95 71 82
Bulgaria 139 97 93 99 98 537 394 100 99 98 98 - - 91 77 76
Burkina Faso 13 18 4 29 10 34 9 48 33 40 28 38 28 68 11x 6x
Burundi 19 41 16 48 27 69 4 68 55 38 37 - - 74x 9 5
Cambodia 35 74x 23x 79 58 128 9 95 84 82 74 - - 45 30 18
Cameroon 26 59 30 73 53 163 32 88 74 82x 71x 71x 70x 51x 32x 22x
Canada 165 - - - - 1067 710 103 101 96 94 - - 99x 105 105
Cape Verde 62 65 40 81 61 183 4 122 114 100 97 - - 91 54 56
Central African Rep. 21 36 12 54 27 83 5 70 50 51 27 70 55 24x 15x 6x
Chad 14 47 19 44 22 236 1 83 46 65 39 44 29 59 15 4
Chile 147 92 91 96 96 354 215 104 102 88 88 - - 100 72 78
China 87 78 51 91 77 335 321 105 104 99 99 95 94 91 72 65
Colombia 100 85 84 91 92 524 115 103 103 - - 90 91 59 70 75
Comoros 54 56 41 78 70 141 2 99 85 65 55 45x 42x 48 21x 16x
Congo 44 64 38 83 67 126 12 82 75 99x 93x - - 55 62 45
Congo, Dem. Rep. 9 75 45 83 54 376 135 70 51 66 51 59 53 64 32x 19x
Cook Islands 101 - - - 99x 711 193 113 110 99 97 - - 61 - -
Costa Rica 146 92 92 95 95 261 140 109 108 93 93 - - 89 47 50
Côte d'Ivoire 22 32 13 63 37 161 64 82 60 63 47 59x 46x 70 33 16
Croatia 154 97 88 99 96 337 272 94 97 93 96 - - 98x 81 83
Cuba 158 92 92 96 96 352 239 97 97 94 95 - - 95 76 85
Cyprus 158 96 84 98 93 406 325 100 100 96 96 - - 100 96 99
Czech Rep. 175 - - - - 803 531 105 103 87 87 - - 100x 97 100
Denmark 175 - - - - 1145 594 102 101 99 99 - - 100x 120 122
Djibouti 27 45 18 60 33 84 45 45 33 39 28 73x 62x 83 17 12
Dominica 137 - - - - 647 78 93 105 89 89 - - 89 - -
Dominican Rep. 76 75 73 82 81 178 95 93x 93x 84 85 91x 93x 58x 34x 47x
Ecuador 91 85 78 91 86 348 130 99 98 90 91 - - 72 53x 55x
Egypt 73 54 25 64 38 317 119 103 96 94 89 83 72 92 80 70
El Salvador 83 71 62 79 73 465 677 94 94 78 78 - - 77 30 35
Equatorial Guinea 23 76 44 89 67 428 10 139 118 89 89 - - - - -
Eritrea 46 - - - 10 100 0 64 54 40 35 39x 35x 71 24 17
Estonia 129 - - 98 98 698 418 95 93 87 86 - - 96x 100 108
Ethiopia 19 28 11 40 27 202 6 52 31 43 28 - - 51 14 10
Fiji 123 87 78 94 89 636 27 111 110 99 100 - - 92 64x 65x
Finland 175 - - - - 1498 622 98 99 98 98 - - 100 110 125
France 175 99x 98x - - 946 595 106 104 100 100 - - 99x 112 111
Gabon 28 54 28 74 53 183 55 134 130 82 83 87 86 59 - -
Gambia 60 37 13 38 24 165 4 78 66 64 55 51 43 74 30 19
Georgia 119 - - 100 100 590 502 95 95 95 95 - - 98 78 76
Germany 175 - - - - 948 567 104 104 86 87 - - 100x 105 103
Ghana 48 57 30 75 53 236 93 82 72 - - 75 74 80x 45x 29x
Greece 161 96 86 98 94 475 240 93 93 90 90 - - 100x 95 96
Grenada 110 - - - - 615 353 133 118 98 97 - - - - -
Guatemala 68 62 46 74 63 79 61 100 89 81 75 75 69 51 26 24
Guinea 17 34 11 50 22 49 12 68 40 49 30 39 26 78 20 7
Guinea-Bissau 12 32 7 48 16 43 - 85 52 58x 32x - - 20x 9x 4x
Guyana 58 96 93 99 97 498 55 91 86 89 84 - - 91 73 78
Haiti 33 34 28 47 42 53 5 128 124 66 66 68x 69x 41 21x 20x
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 83 63 59 70 69 410 95 96 98 85 86 - - 58 29x 37x
Hungary 151 99 99 100 99 690 435 104 102 97 96 - - 98x 96 99
Iceland 175 - - - - 950 358 98 98 98 98 - - 99x 109 108
India 49 55 25 71 44 120 65 99 82 78 64 75 61 52 59 39
Indonesia 73 78 58 90 78 155 68 117 110 97 93 94 94 85 55 48
Iran 79 62 40 82 69 263 71 111 102 99 94 99 93 95 81 73
Iraq 34 55 25 71 45 229 83 110 95 98 88 88 80 72x 51 32
Ireland 161 - - - - 697 402 103 102 100 100 - - 97 113 122
Israel 165 95 88 97 93 524 288 96x 96x - - - - 100x 84x 89x
Italy 165 97 95 99 98 880 528 101 100 100 100 - - 99 94 95
Jamaica 149 73 81 69 81 483 183 96 92 89 87 - - 96x 63x 67x
Japan 187 100x 99x - - 956 686 101 102 100x 100x - - 100x 99x 100x
Jordan 91 82 54 93 81 271 82 93 93 86 86 91 91 98 52x 54x
Kazakhstan 83 - - 99 99 395 237 100 100 100 100 87 83 92 80 89
Kenya 37 71 43 86 69 108 26 89 88 92x 89x 86x 85x 68x 26 22
Kiribati 63 - - - 92 212 15 - - - - - - 95 - -
Korea, Dem. People's Rep. 101 - - 100 100 146 52 108x 101x - - - - 100 - -
Korea, Rep. of 175 97 89 99 98 1039 348 98 99 97 98 - - 99 102 102
Kuwait 147 73 59 95 83 678 505 101 97 89 85 - - 97 65 65
Kyrgyzstan 67 - - 99 95 113 45 98 98 98 97 89 90 89 75 83
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 42 56 28 74 48 145 10 125 103 80 72 70 67 57 34 23
Latvia 129 100 98 100 99 715 496 101 100 88 92 - - 96 82 85
Lebanon 98 83 63 91 77 907 375 113 108 - - - - 91 78 85
Lesotho 31 58 83 70 92 52 27 96 92 55 65 71x 79x 68 25 36
Liberia 5 42 14 36 18 329 29 72 53 43 31 59x 53x - 31x 12x
Libya 123 71 31 87 67 259 140 110x 110x 97x 96x - - - 95x 95x
Liechtenstein 149 - - 100x 100x 658 364 - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 123 98 95 100 99 513 459 99 96 - - - - 98 85 88
Luxembourg 175 - - - - 683 391 88x 94x 84x 86x - - - 72x 76x
Madagascar 24 56x 43x 50 44 209 22 104 103 67 69 58 60 40 16 16
Malawi 7 64 27 66 34 258 - 142 128 100x 100x 83 83 34 21 12
Malaysia 154 80 60 89 79 434 172 95 96 95 96 - - 99 58 66
Maldives 55 92 91 98 99 129 28 125 122 93 92 - - 98 49x 49x
Mali 5 19 8 48 12 55 4 60 40 47 33 45 36 84 14 7
Malta 161 83 84 90 91 669 735 108 107 100 100 - - 100 86 82
Marshall Islands 50 - - - 90x - - 134 133 100 100 - - - - -
Mauritania 16 41 18 60 33 146 25 88 79 61 53 55 53 66 21 11
Mauritius 119 81 67 86 78 371 228 105 106 97 99 - - 100 63 66
Mexico 97 86 80 92 87 329 272 107 117 100 100 - - 85 64 64
Micronesia, Fed. States of 117 - - - 79x - - - - - - - - - - -
Moldova, Rep. of 94 96 88 99 97 736 288 96 95 - - - - 93 78 81
Monaco 175 - - - - 1039 768 - - - - - - 98x - -
Mongolia 57 82 63 97 97 142 47 103 103 93 94 - - - 48 65
Morocco 72 42 16 58 31 247 115 94 76 77 64 61x 45x 75 44 34
Mozambique 10 44 12 55 23 40 5 86 65 47 40 53 47 46 9 5
Myanmar 39 86 66 88 78 96 6 102 99 - - 85 85 45 29x 30x
Namibia 65 71 61 80 77 143 37 126 126 84 88 74x 79x 84 56 66
Nauru 101 - - 93 96 609 46 104 98 99 97 - - - - -
Nepal 47 38 7 63 28 38 6 140 104 79 60 80 60 44 49x 25x
Netherlands 175 - - - - 980 519 109 107 100 99 - - - 134 129
New Zealand 165 - - - - 997 512 101 101 100 100 - - 97 110 116
Nicaragua 78 61 61 65 67 265 68 101 104 76 79 69x 74x 51 45 53
Niger 3 14 3 21 7 70 13 36 22 30 19 31x 21x 66 9 5
Nigeria 15 45 22 66 47 226 66 75 65 38 33 60 58 80x 33x 28x
Niue - - - - 99x 586 - 100 100 100 100 - - - - -
Norway 187 - - - - 917 462 100 100 100 100 - - 100x 121 116
Oman 142 52 16 79 57 607 694 100 95 86 86 91 89 95 68 65
Pakistan 39 41 14 57 33 94 22 99 69 84 60 71 62 50 33x 17x
Palau 94 - - - 97x 663 608 - - - - - - - - -
Panama 110 86 85 93 92 299 187 106x 102x 91x 91x - - 82x 60x 65x
Papua New Guinea 39 70 45 81 63 91 9 42 66 79x 67x 32x 31x 60 17 11
Paraguay 98 89 82 93 90 182 101 113 110 91 92 93x 93x 71 42 45
Peru 73 88 71 96 89 273 126 123 121 100 100 87x 87x 87 72 67
Philippines 83 90 88 94 94 161 52 118 119 98 93 81x 85x 69 71x 75x
Poland 151 99 99 99 99 522 337 97 95 95 94 - - 98x 98 97
Portugal 165 87 77 93 87 306 336 130 124 100 100 - - 97 102x 111x
Qatar 142 72 65 84 81 450 404 106 100 96 92 - - 88 81 79
Romania 117 98 92 99 96 319 233 101 99 92 91 - - 96 79 78
Russian Federation 123 99 93 100 99 417 410 108x 107x 93x 93x - - - 83x 91x
Rwanda 18 51 29 56 50 101 0 88 88 67 68 61x 61x 60x 12x 9x
Saint Kitts and Nevis 108 - - - - 701 264 101 94 92 86 - - - - -
Saint Lucia 135 - - - - 746 213 121 119 - - - - 95x - -
Saint Vincent/Grenadines 115 - - - - 690 163 99 83 90 78 - - - - -
Samoa 112 - - - 98x 1035 61 95 92 94 91 - - 84 59 66
San Marino 165 - - - - 620x 358x - - - - - - 100 - -
Sao Tome and Principe 58 - - 85x 62x 272 163 - - - - - - - - -
Saudi Arabia 115 65 32 91 70 321 262 97 90 81 73 - - 96 65 57
Senegal 37 31 12 43 23 141 41 73 58 65 55 48 42 82 20 12
Seychelles 139 - - 87 89 560 145 101 101 100 100 - - 100 - -
Sierra Leone 1 30 9 45 18 253 12 59x 41x - - - - - 22x 13x
Singapore 187 92 74 96 86 744 388 95 93 93x 92x - - 100x 70 77
Slovakia 151 - - - - 581 488 99 98 - - - - 97x 92 96
Slovenia 165 100 99 100 100 403 356 98 98 95 94 - - 98x 90 93
Solomon Islands 112 - - - 56x 141 6 104x 90x - - - - 81 21x 14x
Somalia 7 8x 1x 36x 14x 53 15 18x 9x 13x 7x 21x 13x - 10x 6x
South Africa 66 78 75 67 66 355 134 98 86 88 86 - - 65x 76 91
Spain 165 97 92 98 96 331 409 110 108 100 100 - - 98x 116 128
Sri Lanka 135 91 79 92 88 211 84 103 101 - - - - 97 71 78
Sudan 43 48 18 67 47 272 86 48 43 43 37 59x 52x 76 21 19
Suriname 94 92 84 95 91 728 153 129x 125x 100x 100x - - 99x 50x 58x
Swaziland 51 64 56 81 78 168 23 119 112 100 100 - - 81 55 54
Sweden 187 - - - - 932 519 103 103 100 100 - - 97 128 153
Switzerland 187 - - 82x 80x 979 457 108x 107x 96 96 - - 100x 94x 88x
Syria 101 72 34 91 73 278 70 98 93 96 92 98 95 92 45 40
Tajikistan 61 97 92 93 88 143 3 96 94 - - - - - 81 72
Tanzania 30 65 34 87 82 280 3 77 76 56 57 61x 68x 81 6 5
TFYR Macedonia 112 - - 97x 91x 206 257 100 98 97 96 - - 95 64 62
Thailand 101 92 83 96 92 234 254 93 90 82 79 - - 97 38x 37x
Togo 28 48 18 67 33 219 17 126 89 85 61 73x 64x 60 40 14
Tonga 123 - - - 99x 619 21 124 120 98 93 - - 92 - -
Trinidad and Tobago 133 97 93 99 97 533 333 99 98 88 88 - - 96 72 75
Tunisia 101 61 32 76 53 224 100 119 112 97 94 - - 92 66 63
Turkey 77 81 50 94 74 178 330 98 86 93 82 74 71 99 68 48
Turkmenistan 64 - - 99x 97x 289 194 - - - - 81x 80x - - -
Tuvalu 71 - - 98 98 384 - 100 100 100 100 - - 96 - -
Uganda 32 60 31 74 50 130 16 129 114 92 83 65x 63x 55x 15 9
Ukraine 129 - - 98 99 882 353 87x 86x - - - - 98x 88x 94x
United Arab Emirates 154 72 64 85 93 355 134 104 102 98 98 - - 95 77 82
United Kingdom 165 - - - - 1443 521 114 114 97 98 - - - 120 139
United States 158 99x 99x - - 2116 806 102 101 94 95 - - 99x 98 97
Uruguay 139 94 95 96 97 603 239 113 110 93 93 - - 98 77 92
Uzbekistan 70 - - 99 99 465 276 100 100 87 89 83 83 - 99x 87x
Vanuatu 79 - - - 60x 350 14 105x 107x 76x 72x - - 65 23x 18x
Venezuela 119 86 82 92 90 472 180 90 93 83 85 - - 89 33 46
Viet Nam 89 92 76 95 88 107 47 110 107 95 94 84 86 78 44x 41x
Yemen 36 39 6 69 36 64 29 89 45 79 39 75x 40x 74 53 14
Yugoslavia 119 - - 99 97 296 259 69 70 69x 70x - - 100x 62 66
Zambia 11 73 50 76 60 120 32 102 100 85 86 74 74 84x 34x 21x
Zimbabwe 51 83 68 90 82 102 33 111 105 87 87 91 90 73 52 44
                                 
Regional summaries                                
Sub-Saharan Africa   50 29 64 46 199 47 80 67 60 51 61 57 66 28 22
Middle East and North Africa   57 28 74 53 275 114 98 88 88 80 85 75 88 64 55
South Asia   52 24 69 43 110 53 99 81 78 64 74 62 54 52 33
East Asia and Pacific   80 56 91 79 304 252 107 105 98 96 93 92 87 66 60
Latin America and Caribbean   82 78 89 87 409 204 104 104 92 92 90 90 76 49 53
CEE/CIS and Baltic States   - - 99 95 442 339 100 97 92 90 - - - 82 82
Industrialized countries   99 97 - - 1322 641 104 103 96 96 - - 99 105 107
Developing countries   68 46 81 66 245 157 99 89 84 77 81 75 73 55 46
Least developed countries   47 24 63 44 142 23 84 69 63 54 63 58 61 23 14
World   75 58 83 69 417 240 99 91 85 79 81 75 75 61 54

Definitions of the indicators


Adult literacy rate — Percentage of persons aged 15 and over who can read and write.
Gross primary or secondary school enrolment ratio — The number of children enrolled in a level (primary or secondary), regardless of age, divided by the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the same level.
Net primary school enrolment ratio — The number of children enrolled in primary school who belong to the age group that officially corresponds to primary schooling, divided by the total population of the same age group.
Net primary school attendance — Percentage of children in the age group that officially corresponds to primary schooling who attend primary school. These data come from national household surveys. While both the attendance and enrolment data should report on children going to primary school, the number of children of primary school age is uncertain for many countries, and this can lead to significant biases in the enrolment ratio.
Primary school entrants reaching grade five — Percentage of the children entering the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade five.

Main data sources


Adult literacy — United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), including the Education for All 2000 Assessment.
Radio and television — United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Primary and secondary school enrolment — United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), including the Education for All 2000 Assessment.
Net primary school attendance — Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS).
Reaching grade five — United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), including the Education for All 2000 Assessment.

Notes


- Data not available.
x Indicates data that refer to years or periods other than those specified in the column heading, differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country.
* Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified in the column heading.