Women - Progress and Disparity

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Girls missing in secondary school classrooms

Primary school enrolment rates have risen all over the world in recent decades, and the gender gap in primary education is beginning to close. But, when it comes to secondary education, it is a different story.

Copyright © UNICEF/5033-Z/Lemoyne

More boys than girls attend secondary school in 25 countries, but rates are low for
both in sub-Saharan Africa. This adolescent girl attends school in Ethiopia.

In 25 countries the proportion of boys enrolling in secondary school is higher than girls by 10% or more, and in five -- India, Nepal, Togo, Turkey and Yemen -- the gap exceeds 20%. In more than 40 countries worldwide, fewer than 25% of girls are enrolled in secondary school.

The worst disparity is found in South Asia, where 52% of boys but only 33% of girls enrol -- a gap of 19%. Secondary enrolment is low for both boys and girls in sub-Saharan Africa, with rates of just 27% and 22%, respectively, but nonetheless, girls trail behind.

In contrast, 13 countries have higher enrolment rates for girls than boys by 10% or more. Girls generally lead boys in Latin America and the Caribbean, with 56% of girls and 52% of boys enrolled in secondary school.

School enrolment
Countries with large disparities between boys' and girls' secondary school enrolment...
...where ratio is higher for boys than girls by 10% or more* ...where ratio is higher for girls than boys by 10% or more*
Cameroon 10 Colombia 10
Zimbabwe 10 Namibia 10
Chad 11 Spain 11
Morocco 11 Lesotho 12
Egypt 12 Venezuela 12
Guinea 12 Dominican Republic 13
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 12 Trinidad and Tobago 13
Uzbekistan 12 South Africa 15
Benin 13 Uruguay 15
Congo, Dem. Rep. 13 Finland 16**
Gambia 13 Guyana 17
Zambia 13 Mongolia 18
Bangladesh 14 United Kingdom 22 **
Cambodia 14    
Iran 14    
Côte d'Ivoire 15    
Ghana 16    
Pakistan 16    
Congo 17    
Iraq 19    
India 21    
Turkey 22    
Nepal 24    
Togo 27    
Yemen 28    

* Includes all students enrolled in secondary school regardless of age.

** Disparity due to higher enrolment in secondary vocational schools for young women age 20 and older.

Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook 1997. (Data: 1990-95.)

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