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National Performance Gaps:
% of children reaching grade 5

                             GNP             % of children
                         per capita         reaching grade 5
                          ($) 1993     Actual   Expected  Difference
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya                        270         77        45         32
Rwanda                       200         60        38         22
Togo                         330         70        49         21
Burundi                      180         53        36         17
Ghana                        430         72        55         17
Zimbabwe                     540         76        60         16
Zambia                       370         67        52         15
Mauritius                   2980         95        85         10
Zaire                        230         50        41          9
Nigeria                      310         56        48          8
Mauritania                   510         63        58          5
Mozambique                    80         23        19          4
Congo                        920         72        71          1
Botswana                    2590         84        84          0
Tanzania                     100         24        24          0
Uganda                       190         37        37          0
Cameroon                     770         66        67         -1
Chad                         200         37        38         -1
Benin                        420         49        54         -5
Cote d'Ivoire                630         54        63         -9
Central Afr. Rep.            390         43        53        -10
Malawi                       220         27        40        -13
South Africa                2900         71        85        -14
Ethiopia                     100          9        24        -15
Senegal                      730         51        66        -15
Lesotho                      660         47        64        -17
Namibia                     1660         64        82        -18
Guinea-Bissau                220         20        40        -20
Madagascar                   240         22        42        -20
Burkina Faso                 300         26        47        -21
Niger                        270         23        45        -22
Mali                         300         22        47        -25
Angola                       700         34        65        -31
Guinea                       510         26        58        -32
Gabon                       4050         50        87        -37
Eritrea                      110          -         -          -
Liberia                      450          -         -          -
Sierra Leone                 140          -         -          -
Somalia                      150          -         -          -

                             GNP             % of children
                         per capita         reaching grade 5
                          ($) 1993     Actual   Expected  Difference
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Middle East & North Africa
Egypt                        660         93        64         29
Jordan                      1190         98        77         21
Syria                       1160         91        76         15
Algeria                     1650         93        82         11
Tunisia                     1780         90        82          8
Yemen                        520         66        59          7
Iran                        2200         89        83          6
Turkey                      2120         89        83          6
U. Arab Emirates           22470         99        96          3
Morocco                     1030         76        74          2
Sudan                        420         56        54          2
Oman                        5600         85        88         -3
Kuwait                     23350         83        96        -13
Iraq                        1500         66        81        -15
Saudi Arabia                7510         71        90        -19
Lebanon                     2150          -         -          -
Libya                       5310          -         -          -

                             GNP             % of children
                         per capita         reaching grade 5
                          ($) 1993     Actual   Expected  Difference
--------------------------------------------------------------------
South Asia
Sri Lanka                    600         92        62         30
Nepal                        160         52        34         18
India                        290         62        46         16
Bangladesh                   220         47        40          7
Pakistan                     430         37        55        -18
Bhutan                       170          9        35        -26
Afghanistan                  280         13        46        -33

                             GNP             % of children
                         per capita         reaching grade 5
                          ($) 1993     Actual   Expected  Difference
--------------------------------------------------------------------
East Asia & Pacific
China                        490         88        58         30
Viet Nam                     170         58        35         23
Indonesia                    730         86        66         20
Malaysia                    3160         92        85          7
Philippines                  830         75        69          6
Hong Kong                  17860         99        94          5
Lao Rep.                     290         51        46          5
Singapore                  19310        100        95          5
Thailand                    2040         88        83          5
Korea, Rep.                 7670         93        90          3
Papua New Guinea            1120         66        75         -9
Cambodia                     200          -         -          -
Korea, Dem.                  970          -         -          -
Mongolia                     400          -         -          -
Myanmar                      220          -         -          -

                             GNP             % of children
                         per capita         reaching grade 5
                          ($) 1993     Actual   Expected  Difference
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Latin America & Caribbean
Cuba                        1170         95        76         19
Jamaica                     1390         96        80         16
Uruguay                     3910         95        86          9
Chile                       3070         93        85          8
Nicaragua                    360         55        51          4
Costa Rica                  2160         86        83          3
Mexico                      3750         84        86         -2
Panama                      2580         82        84         -2
Bolivia                      770         60        67         -7
Paraguay                    1500         74        81         -7
Venezuela                   2840         78        85         -7
Ecuador                     1170         67        76         -9
Trinidad/Tobago             3730         69        86        -17
Honduras                     580         41        61        -20
Colombia                    1400         59        80        -21
El Salvador                 1320         58        79        -21
Brazil                      3020         56        85        -29
Dominican Rep.              1080         41        75        -34
Guatemala                   1110         41        75        -34
Haiti                        370         12        52        -40
Argentina                   7290          -         -          -
Peru                        1490          -         -          -

                             GNP             % of children
                         per capita         reaching grade 5
                          ($) 1993     Actual   Expected  Difference
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Industrialized Countries
Australia                  17510          -         -          -
Austria                    23120          -         -          -
Belgium                    21210          -         -          -
Canada                     20670          -         -          -
Denmark                    26510          -         -          -
Finland                    18970          -         -          -
France                     22360          -         -          -
Germany                    23560          -         -          -
Greece                      7390          -         -          -
Ireland                    12580          -         -          -
Israel                     13760          -         -          -
Italy                      19620          -         -          -
Japan                      31450          -         -          -
Netherlands                20710          -         -          -
New Zealand                12900          -         -          -
Norway                     26340          -         -          -
Portugal                    7890          -         -          -
Spain                      13650          -         -          -
Sweden                     24830          -         -          -
Switzerland                36410          -         -          -
United Kingdom             17970          -         -          -
United States              24750          -         -          -

                             GNP             % of children
                         per capita         reaching grade 5
                          ($) 1993     Actual   Expected  Difference
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Countries in Transition
Macedonia                    780         86        68         18
Romania                     1120         91        75         16
Belarus                     2840         99        85         14
Lithuania                   1310         93        79         14
Slovakia                    1900         97        83         14
Hungary                     3330         97        85         12
Czech Rep.                  2730         95        84         11
Poland                      2270         94        83         11
Slovenia                    6310        100        89         11
Bulgaria                    1160         78        76          2
Estonia                     3040         78        85         -7
Albania                      340          -         -          -
Armenia                      660          -         -          -
Azerbaijan                   730          -         -          -
Bosnia/Herzegovina             *          -         -          -
Croatia                       **          -         -          -
Georgia                      560          -         -          -
Kazakhstan                  1540          -         -          -
Kyrgyzstan                   830          -         -          -
Latvia                      2030          -         -          -
Moldova                     1180          -         -          -
Russian Fed.                2350          -         -          -
Tajikistan                   470          -         -          -
Turkmenistan                1230          -         -          -
Ukraine                     1910          -         -          -
Uzbekistan                   960          -         -          -
Yugoslavia                    **          -         -          -

* GNP estimated range $695 or less.
** GNP estimated range $696 - $2785.

NPGs in primary education are not given for industrialized countries as the differences are not significant for countries in which 95% of children reach grade 5 of pirmary school.


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