Sudan

A journey back to hope

© UNICEF/HQ 01-0358/LeMoyne

Surrounded by smiling onlookers, Daniel is reunited with his family in 2001 after being demobilised.

The 2005 edition of UNICEF’s State of the World’s Children will be launched on December 9. In the weeks leading up to the launch of the report, we will feature a series of stories illustrating how poverty, conflict and HIV/AIDS affect children in their daily lives.

Twenty-two-year-old Daniel Riong is a student at Rumbek Secondary School in southern Sudan and a teacher at the nearby Deng Nhial Primary School. But in an isolated community ravaged by 21 years of civil war, multiple famines and endless cycles of disease, no one finds this strange.

He is also a former child soldier.

Daniel’s story starts like that of many children from this semi-nomadic part of Bahr al- Ghazal. By the age of three, he was trotting alongside his father, caring for their cattle as they moved from place to place in search of pasture and water. When he turned eight, his parents enrolled him in a school near their home village, several hours walk from Rumbek. By the time Daniel had completed six years of school, the war between the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army and the Government of Sudan was at its peak, and recruiters from Sudan’s Liberation Movement were deployed in each community to meet conscription quotas. And so at age 14, Daniel was forced to drop out of school, leave his family and join the army.

Along with 20 other new recruits, he was taken to a training clinic for medical personnel. After completing training he and the other medics were sent to battalions throughout southern Sudan. Daniel spent the next two years marching to various front lines, working to save the lives of his injured comrades.

He counts himself extremely lucky to have been among the first groups of children demobilized from the front line in northern Bahr al Ghazal in 2001.

Former child soldiers in southern Sudan are rarely ostracized when they return to civilian life, because they were part of a movement that commands significant popular support. But that doesn’t mean that life outside the military has been easy. By the time Daniel was demobilized, his father had died and his mother and younger brother had been displaced by fighting around Rumbek and were now living in the government-controlled north of the country.

© UNICEF/Sudan/Debra Bowers

Daniel and his friend Moses at Rumbek in May 2004.

From combatant to teacher

After being demobilized, Daniel stepped off a UNICEF-chartered plane to a tearful reunion with relatives who had walked for two hours to welcome him. He was then enrolled at the Deng Nhial Primary School where he is currently a volunteer teacher.

“I joined school at the eighth grade and was the first candidate to graduate from Deng Nhial,” Daniel says proudly. He is now in Form 3 at Rumbek Secondary School, one of the few secondary schools in southern Sudan and teaches mathematics and science to fourth and fifth graders at Deng Nhial.

Daniel lives with other former child soldiers and internally displaced persons in a nearby settlement made of thatched huts. After school, he and his friend work to support themselves, cutting grass to sell for roofing houses and using the money to buy food. Every two weeks Daniel catches a ride to his family’s home area to visit his relatives.

At school, he is majoring in biology and, not surprisingly, wants to be a doctor. “If I find a way, I’d like to go to medical school in Uganda or Australia where I have heard of good training programmes. But that will take a miracle. If I don’t have the power to do that, I will continue to be a teacher. The lack of teachers is a problem for us so I am happy to help out.”

On 26 May, 2004,  the Sudan People’s Liberation and the Government of Sudan signed the final three protocols of a framework peace agreement. Daniel isn’t sure that the pact will hold, but says the signature has given everyone hope. “Especially me! Yesterday I got a letter from my mother and brother,” he says. “I have hope now that they may come back home very soon. That will be the best thing about the peace agreement for me.”