Jharkhand
SUMMARY OF FACTS AND UNICEF COLLABORATION IN JHARKHAND
HEALTH
Facts
• IMR - 48 per 1000 live births (SRS 2007) – 43,200 infant deaths every year.
• Only 54.0% children under-1 years (DLHS 3) are fully immunized.
• Only 17.8% infants receive ORS at the time of diarrhea (NFHS 3) – 3.05 million missed children
• Only 46.3% infants receive care at a health facility (NFHS 3) – 2.55 million missed children
• Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) 371 per 100,000 live births (SRS 2002) – 3500 maternal deaths every yr
• Only 17.8% women have institutional births (DLHS 3)
Proposed Objectives - 2012
• Reduce IMR to 30/1000 live births
• Increase fully immunized children to 70%
• Reduce MMR to 123 per 100,000 live births
National Programmes
• National Rural Health Mission
• National Vector Borne Disease Control Program.
UNICEF Collaboration in 2006-08
• Strengthening of Routine Immunization (RI) and Polio Eradication Efforts.
o Improved micro planning.
o Capacity Building on Cold chain maintenance, RI, MIS, waste management, etc.
o Concurrent monitoring through district officers and extenders.
o Implementation of hard-to-reach area strategy.
o Provision of monitoring teams during polio immunization days.
o Malaria prevention programme through supply and promotion of use of bed-nets (LLIN)
• Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) – Jt. Health and ICDS
o Up-gradation of skills of health and nutrition workers in 2 districts (East Singbhum, Khunti and Ranchi).
o Monitoring implementation and data management at State level.
o Support expansion of IMNCI to all districts for training of master trainers.
• Maternal and Peri-natal Death Investigation for response in Ranchi district.
o Concurrent community based maternal death audit demonstrating barriers to decision making, referral and health facility management in one district (Ranchi).
o Expansion to other districts by State once the lessons learnt are documented.
• Technical inputs for planning activities in NRHM
o Preparation of the Project Implementation Plan for RI and RCH.
o Maternal and Young Child Survival Cell in the Department of Health.
o Operationalization of First Referral Units in the districts, with readiness to perform Caesarian Section and Sick New Born Care.
• Partnerships
o UNICEF partnerships are around key child survival issues at the state level involving agencies such as National Neonatology Forum (NNF), Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India (FOGSI), Indian Academy of Paediatrics, UN agencies like WHO and UNDP, USAID, CARE, etc. Corporate partners include Tata Motors (TMH, Jamshedpur). Select NGOs.
MALNUTRITION
Facts
• 59.2% children under-3 years are underweight- 1.5 million malnourished children (NFHS 3).
• 22% of all newborn deaths can be averted by timely initiation of breastfeeding, within 1 hour of delivery – 8000 children can be saved.
• 19% of infant deaths can be averted through exclusive breastfeeding for 0-6 months and complementary feeding during 6 to 11 months – 9300 children can be saved.
• 23.2% of children aged 9-59 months received at least one dose of Vitamin A – 1.3 million children missed. (NFHS 3)
• 77.7% children aged 6-35 months are anemic – 2.0 million children. (NFHS 3).
• 70% adolescent girls are anemic -1.0 million girls. (NFHS 3)
• 65.6% households use adequately iodized salt. (NFHS 3)
Proposed Objectives - 2012
• Reduce malnutrition in children under-3 years of age from the present 59.2% to 35%.
• Improve early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth from 10.9% to 60%.
• Improve exclusive breastfeeding among infants 0-6 months from 57.8% to 70%.
• Improve timely complementary feeding rates amongst children aged 6-9 months from 65.3 % to 80%.
• Reduce anemia levels in children and adolescent girls by 50%.
• Improve Vitamin A supplementation rates from 23.2% to 80% among children aged 6-50 months.
• Improve the household consumption of adequately iodized salt from the current level to 80%.
National Programmes
• Integrated Child Development Services
• National Rural Health Mission
• Vitamin A Supplementation Program
• Anemia Control Program
• National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Program
UNICEF Collaboration in 2006-08
• Nutrition Cell in the Department of Social Welfare – improve data management and review system of ICDS.
• “Dular” Strategy for strengthening ICDS and community networks for promotion of growth and appropriate infant and young child feeding practices – District Support Units in 4 districts; training of Local Resource Persons and AWWs, streamlining Management Information System at district and State level. Expansion to 6 ICDS IV districts. IYCF resource pool state-wide. Technical support for improving weighing efficiency state-wide.
• Micronutrients: Bi-annual Vitamin A Supplementation – Policy to cover children up to 5 years; supply of Vitamin A solution (now leveraged from NRHM funds). Training of officers and field teams. Iron Folic Acid (IFA) Supplementation (supervised weekly dose) for adolescent girls in and out of school for 5 districts– Supply of IFA tablets (now leveraged from NRHM). Cards and booklets; training of school teachers. Promotion of consumption of iodized salt – Mapping salt traders; Elementary and secondary school campaigns–Supply of testing kits, training of education system State wide, IEC material and formats.
• Establish Malnutrition Treatment Centers in four districts. Screening, tracking and tagging of Severely Acute Malnourished (SAM) children.
EDUCATION
Facts
• School enrolment is improving over the last two years – now at over 93% of children.
• Dropout rates of girls at 63% (3.3 million girls) and boys at 61% (3.5 million boys) (DISE)at the elementary level, is emerging as the biggest problem in retention of children in schools.
• While a system of data collection at DISE exists, there is no system of data analysis or its use in planning.
• So far quality of education and learning competency related issues have not been fully addressed.
• Total female literacy is 38.87%. Schedule caste and tribe women have lower literacy levels of 22.55 percent and 27.21 percent respectively (Census 2001).
Proposed Objectives - 2012
• All children 6-14 access quality learning.
• Over 80% children complete eight years of schooling.
• Over 80% of SC/ST children in the age group of 6-14 are in schools.
• 50% increase from baseline of 2007 of girls transiting from upper primary to secondary.
• Transition opportunities provided for disadvantaged groups for completing elementary education and secondary education especially for girls through support to Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs).
• Establishment of a robust monitoring and review system including the quality indicators and performance standards among teachers.
• Establishment of child friendly environment and inclusive classroom techniques in 75% primary schools including those in remote tribal areas.
• 25% improvement in completion rates at elementary level.
National Programmes
• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
• Total Sanitation Campaign
UNICEF Collaboration in 2006-08
The key partners are Jharkhand Education Project Council (JEPC), JCERT, Tribal Welfare Department, institutions and civil societies.
• School Enrolment Drive (School Chalein Hum Abhiyan) – part support for material, monitoring and documentation.
• Setting up of the Quality Cell at JEPC – material and staff; technical inputs.
• Material development for Multi-Grade, Multi-Level (MGML) teaching and piloting in 235 schools.
• Capacity Building of Child Cabinets on health and hygiene issues in all schools including KGBVs.
• Technical inputs for improving the monitoring and review system.
• Planning for urban deprived children.
• School Health and Hygiene Education (SSHE) – Convergent initiative between Education and Drinking Water and Sanitation Departments – now poised for expansion to all districts.
• KGBV Schools – Development of life-skills material; supply of sanitation kits and gardening tools for bio-intensive gardening for enriching the mid-day meal.
• Capacity building of teachers of schools run by Tribal Welfare Department
• Support to JCERT in development of State specific curriculum.
WATER AND SANITATION
Facts
• 70% households without toilet – 2.6 million rural families with no household toilet.(DWSD 2009)
• 29% schools without drinking water facilities (11,269 schools) (DISE 2008-09)
• 48% schools without separate toilet for boys and girls - (18780 schools)
• Only 49% families using hand pump as water source.
• 15 % hand pumps not functional (25,500 hand pumps)
Proposed Objectives - 2012
• All Primary Schools with water and sanitation facilities (By Dec 2009)
• All families with toilet facility and regular use.
• All Anganwadis with water and sanitation facilities.
National Programmes
• Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)
• Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP)
UNICEF Collaboration in 2006-08
• Strengthen Programme Management Unit for implementation of TSC and ARWSP – material and staff; technical inputs.
• Establish Integrated Monitoring system (Home hygiene, School Sanitation and ARWSP) within the State DWSD
• Strengthen Training Centre of DWSD (Viswesaraiya Sanitation and Water Academy) – capacity building, material, etc.
• Strengthen state-wide implementation of Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)
o Develop State and district level Implementation plans
o Develop training materials, Communication materials
o Strengthen implementation & monitoring ; District Support Units
• Scale up School Sanitation and Hygiene Education (SSHE)
o Develop Implementation plans
o Develop training materials, Communication materials
o Prepare State and District level trainers
o Strengthen convergence of DWSD and Education Department (Joint guidelines, joint monitoring )
• Scale up Anganwadi Sanitation – Develop AWC Sanitation Package; training & communication material
• Water quality Monitoring and Surveillance
o Technical Support for Water Quality Testing Labs
o Strengthen capacity of DWSD by establishing Water Quality cell
o Develop Implementation plans and training material
o Demonstrate home defluoridation system (Garhwa)
o Demonstrate rain water harvesting in Arsenic & fluoride affected schools and mitigation models in affected districts.
CHILD PROTECTION
Facts
• Out of 24 - 21 JJBs, 11 CWCs and 18 Inspection Committees notified but not effectively functioning. All ICs and SPJU are defunct.
• 10 government run institution for children in Conflict with law, none adhering to the minimum standards of care and protection.
• Against notified three Children Home, presently no Children Homes in the State.
• No financial provision for office establishment of CWC, Children Home, foster care etc.
• Children and women are trafficked mostly for domestic servitude, naxal activity, criminal activity and brick kiln. The proposed outlay for the annual plan 2009 -10 is Rs 25.00 lakh for Establishment of Rehabilitation Centers for rescued maidservants as a sole anti-trafficking initiative. No fund for setting up preventive mechanism.
Proposed Objectives – 2012
• Establishment of notified Children Homes.
• Minimum standards of care and protection in Children Homes and Observation Homes.
• Data management system on JJ system and trafficking in the state.
• Functioning of CWC, JJB, Inspection Committees and Special Juvenile Police Unit
• Concrete state plan of action to counter trafficking in women and children effectively with special emphasis on prevention, rescue, rehabilitation and reintegration.
• Policies and rules framed – foster care policy, ITPA rules and child marriage prohibition rule.
• Establishment of State Child Protection Unit and District Child Protection Units.
National Programmes
• Programme for Juvenile Justice for children in need of care and protection and children in conflict with law. (Presently no financial aid from central government)
• Scheme and Services: CHILDLINE Service for children in distress (presently dormant); SWADHAR; UJJWALA (proposals send, not yet sanctioned); National Child Labour Project (NCLP); Kishori Shakti; Shishu Greh Scheme; CARA; Integrated Child Protection Scheme (yet to be implemented)
UNICEF Collaboration initiated in 2009
o Department of Social Welfare:
o Development of model homes (Children Homes and Observation Homes – 5 homes) adhering to minimum standards of care and protection
o Capacity building of CWC, JJB, IC, home functionaries, SJPU(JJ Act)
o Rapid assessment of child protection issues in one district (East Singhbhum)
o Qualitative documentation of vulnerable areas of trafficking in the state.
o Development of state plan of action to combat trafficking, framing of ITPA Rules and Child marriage prohibition rule.
o Establishment of State Child Protection and District Child Protection Units
o Training of adolescent girls group formed under Kishori Shakti Yojna for meeting protection goals to enable them to protect themselves from being trafficked (ID).
o Department of Home: Activation of SJPU, notification of Special Police Officers (ITPA) and their capacity building, preparing database of missing children.
o Judiciary/Jharkhand Legal Services Authority for facilitating quick disposal of cases (juvenile in conflict with law).
o Department of Tribal Development: Starting VT in the Observation Homes in notified tribal districts and construction of Children Home in those districts.
CHILDREN AND AIDS
Facts
• Only 25% Persons (age 15-24) have correct knowledge of HIV/AIDs (BSS, 2006)
• Only 25% women have heard of HIV/AIDS (DLHS 3)
• Women (Based on the women who have heard of HIV/AIDS) who know the place to go for testing of HIV/AIDS (%) - 50.6 (DLHS 3)
• Women (Based on the women who have heard of HIV/AIDS) underwent test for detecting HIV/AIDS (%) – 1.5 (DLHS 3)
Proposed Objectives – 2012
• Reduce the rate of new infections
• Increased knowledge among young people about HIV/AIDS
• Increased rate of treatment of mother baby pairs
National Programmes
• National AIDS Control Program
UNICEF Collaboration started in 2008
• Status of implementation of PPTCT services and identification of gaps and training needs.
• Setting up technical support unit (TSU) in the AIDS Control programme for improved implementation of the NACP 3 Plan in the State with quality.
UNICEF State Office for Jharkhand
Viswa Hostel Complex Near IIC Complex
Tel: 0651 245 0266, 0651 245 0267
Jodapul, Kanke Road
Ranchi - 834 006
Fax: 0651 245 0268 71089, 71090
