Millennium Development Goal 4: Reduce child mortality.
Target: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate.
Malaria poses a tremendous public health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in 2008 there were 250 million malaria episodes, leading to approximately 850,000 malaria deaths.
While malaria is endemic within most tropical and subtropical regions of the world, 90 per cent of all malaria deaths currently occur in sub-Saharan Africa, and most of these deaths are among children under five years of age. Approximately 1 in every 6 child deaths (16%) in Africa is due to malaria.

Source: Malaria Atlas Project.
Reference: http://www.childinfo.org/malaria.html