越南

背景

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This map does not reflect a position by UNICEF on the legal status of any country or territory or the delimitation of any frontiers.

本页内容将被译成中文。

"At a glance: Viet Nam" contains a summary of issues in Viet Nam, statistics and feature stories; for detailed local information, news and updates, go to the UNICEF Viet Nam website.

Viet Nam has remained politically stable. The continued success of the "Doi Moi" (Renovation) policy has proved successful for the national economy and for child survival. While new opportunities and economic benefits for many Vietnamese people have improved, there are ever-increasing gaps between the rich and the poor, and between rural and urban populations. While the poverty rate is 18.3 per cent in urban areas it is 44.9 per cent in rural areas. Ethnic minorities have not shared in many of the benefits of the past decade's developments due to social and cultural divisions, and a lack of knowledge about basic social services and information that promotes behavioural change. This is especially true in rural areas where living standards have improved at a much lower rate and where cash money is still scarce. Gender discrimination also continues to undermine the well-being of women and their children.

UNICEF priorities

UNICEF activities address the most serious impediments to the fulfilment of children's and women's rights. Nutrition and health activities aim to reduce malnutrition, morbidity and mortality attributable to common childhood diseases, and maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in rural and ethnic minority areas. At the family/community level, UNICEF focuses on strengthening village health worker networks; increasing interaction between communities and health service providers; helping families learn to use home-based prevention techniques to address common  childhood illnesses; promoting breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices; and encouraging appropriate responses to women's reproductive health needs. Community participation is encouraged to improve the coverage, quality and sustainability of maternal and child health services (including HIV/AIDS prevention and care, and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission). Successful district projects provide input to the formulation of national health and nutrition policies, including the introduction of new vaccines and auto-disable syringes in the national immunization programme.

The rural water supply and environmental sanitation programme aims to achieve universal access to rural water supply and to reduce morbidity due to water-borne diseases by improving sanitation coverage and hygiene practices, particularly in the poorest rural and ethnic minority areas. Programme interventions, aimed primarily at the family/community level, will promote low-cost, environment-friendly technologies to ensure the proper use and maintenance of water supply and sanitation facilities.

In the area of education, the main objective is to support the Government in its efforts towards achieving the Education for All goals, with a focus on early child care, primary education, basic literacy, numeracy and life skills for out-of-school adolescents focused on preventing HIV/AIDS transmission and drug abuse.

The main objectives of the rights promotion and child protection programme will be to promote the two Conventions (Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women) and to prevent and protect children from neglect; abuse and exploitation. At the national and policy level, UNICEF will help to develop capacity for monitoring rights, formulating effective policies and legislative measures, and strengthening law enforcement mechanisms.

At the national/policy level, alliance-building and a broad range of communication approaches will be utilized to foster an environment that influences legislation and public opinion in a positive manner, thereby mobilizing resources for children. Support will also be provided to other sectoral programmes in their interactions with the mass media, mass organizations, communities and children themselves to encourage behavioural change.

UNICEF worked with several multi-agency, sub regional programmes, particularly in the areas of HIV/AIDS, the Roll Back Malaria initiative and the prevention of trafficking of girls and women in the Mekong sub-region.