//2007//
//função para ajustar o título da janela//
var reptitle = 'Situação Mundial da Infância 2007';
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//Links para mapas, figuras, glossário e referências
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//constantes 2007//
var tmm5hint = 'Uma vez que a cessão de Montenegro pela União de Estados Sérvia e Montenegro ocorreu em junho de 2006, e sua subseqüente admissão na ONU ocorreu em 28 de junho de 2006, ainda não há dados desagregados disponíveis para Montenegro e Sérvia como Estados separados.
Os dados agregados apresentados referem-se a Sérvia e Montenegro anteriormente à cessão.';
var tabhint = 'Uma vez que a cessão de Montenegro pela União de Estados Sérvia e Montenegro ocorreu em junho de 2006, e sua subseqüente admissão na ONU ocorreu em 28 de junho de 2006, ainda não há dados desagregados disponíveis para Montenegro e Sérvia como Estados separados.
Os dados agregados apresentados referem-se a Sérvia e Montenegro anteriormente à cessão (ver item Memorando).';
var tabhint2 = 'Inclui territórios dentro de cada categoria de país ou grupo regional de países. Os países e territórios em cada categoria de país ou grupo regional de países são apresentados na seção Resumo de Indicadores.';
//referencias 2007//
//CAPITULO 1
var cap1r1 = "A elaboração do texto da Convenção sobre a Eliminação de Todas as Formas de Discriminação contra a Mulher teve início em 1976.";
var cap1r2 = 'King, Elizabeth M. e Andrew D. Mason, ‘Engendering Development Through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources and Voice’, World Bank e Oxford University Press, Washington, D.C., janeiro, 2001, p. 78-83.';
var cap1r3 = 'Informações extraídas de Nações Unidas ‘Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General’, http://untreaty.un.org/English/Bible/englishinternetbible/partl/chapterIV/treaty10.asp, acessado em setembro, 2006.';
var cap1r4 = 'Lawn, Joy E., Simon Cousens e Jelka Zupan, ‘4 Million Neonatal Deaths: When? Where? Why?’, Series on Neonatal Survival 1, The Lancet.com, março, 2005, p. 5. Informações desagregadas por sexo sobre população na Ásia foram extraídas de Divisão de População das Nações Unidas, ‘World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision Database’, http://esa.un.org/unpp, acessado em setembro, 2006.';
var cap1r5 = 'Organização Mundial da Saúde, WHO Multi-Country Study on Women: Inicial results of prevalence, health outcomes and women’s responses, Resumo de Relatório, WHO, Genebra, 2005, p. xiii.';
var cap1r6 = 'Fundo de População das Nações Unidas, The State of the World’s Population, Unfpa, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 66.';
var cap1r7 = 'Extraído de sites de governos nacionais e de União Inter-Parlamentar, ‘Women in Politics: 60 years in retrospect’, IPU, Genebra, fevereiro de 2006, planilha de dados n. 4. Nota: o número total de mulheres Chefes de Estado e de Governo em 2006 inclui o Governo das Antilhas Holandesas, que é um país autônomo, parte da Holanda. Rainhas e Governadoras Gerais não estão incluídas nos números citados.';
var cap1r8 = 'Informações extraídas de Inter-Parliamentary Union, ‘Women in Politics: 60 years in retrospect’, IPU, Genebra, fevereiro de 2006, planilha de dados n. 4.';
var cap1r9 = 'Instituto Internacional das Nações Unidas de Pesquisas e Capacitação para o Progresso da Mulher, ‘Beijing at 10: Putting policy into practice’. In Women and Poverty: New challenge, INSTRAW, www.uninstraw.org/en/images/stories/Beijing/womenandpoverty.pdf.';
var cap1r10 = 'Instituto da Unesco para Estatísticas, ‘Literacy Estimates, International Literacy Day 2005’, www.uis.unesco.org.';
var cap1r11 = 'Otunnu, Olara A., ‘Special Comment’ on Children and Security, Disarmament Forum, n. 3, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, Genebra, 2002, p.3-4.';
var cap1r12 = 'Waring, Marilyn, et al., Politics: Women’s insights, Inter-Parliamentary Union, Genebra, 2000, p.134.';
//CAPITULO 2//
var cap2r1 = 'Vadnais, Daniel, Adrienne Kols e Noureddine Abderrahim, Women’s Lives and Experiences: Changes in the past ten years, ORC Macro e US Agency for International Development, Maryland, 2006, p. 75-76. Os dados referem-se a mulheres que não participam nas quatro áreas de tomada de decisão na família avaliadas pelas Pesquisas de Demografia e Saúde. Essas áreas incluem decisões quanto a cuidados de saúde da própria mulher, principais aquisições da família, compras para as necessidades diárias da família e tempo para visitar amigos e parentes. Os 10 países (entre os 30 avaliados) em que mais de 50% das mulheres entrevistadas participavam das quatro áreas de tomada de decisão foram Armênia, Bolívia, Colômbia, Eritréia, Filipinas, Indonésia, Madagascar, Peru, Ruanda e Turcomenistão.';
var cap2r2 = 'Cálculos do UNICEF baseados em dados de Pesquisas de Demografia e Saúde. Todos os dados disponíveis em STATcompiler em www.measuredhs.com, acessado em junho de 2006.';
var cap2r3 = 'Quisumbing, Agnes, ‘What Have We Learned from Resarch on Intrahousehold Allocation?’, Capítulo 1 in Agnes Quisumbing, ed., Household Decisions, Gender and Development: A synthesis of recent research, International Food Policy Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003, p. 1-6. Ver também Chant, Sylvia, ‘Poverty begins at home? Questioning some (mis)conceptions about children, poverty and privation in female-headed households’, documento de referência elaborado para o Relatório Situação Mundial da Infância 2007, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2006.';
var cap2r4 = 'Frankenberg, Elizabeth e Duncan Thomas, ‘Measuring Power’, Capítulo 4 in Agnes Quisumbing, ed., Household Decisions, Gender and Development: A synthesis of recent research, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003, p. 29-36.';
var cap2r5 = 'Agarwal, Bina, ‘“Bargaining” and Gender Relations’, op. cit.p. 11-12. Ver também Nosseir Nazek, ‘Family in the New Millennium: Major trends affecting families in North Africa’, Capítulo 7 in Nações Unidas, Major Trends Affecting Families: A background document, UN, Nova Iorque, 2003, p.189.';
var cap2r6 = 'Smith, Lisa C., et al., The Importance of Women’s Status for Child Nutrition in Developing Countries, Relatório de Pesquisa n. 131, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003, p. 22.';
var cap2r7 = 'Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, Early Marriage: A harmful traditional practice, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2005, p.1.';
var cap2r8 = 'Smith, Lisa C., et al., The Importance of Women’s Status for Child Nutrition in Developing Countries, Relatório de Pesquisa n. 131, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003, p. 21.';
var cap2r9 = 'Fundo de População das Nações Unidas, The State of World Population 2005, Unfpa, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 65.';
var cap2r10 = 'Chant, Sylvia, ‘Poverty begins at home?’, ‘Poverty begins at home? Questioning some (mis)conceptions about children, poverty and privation in female-headed households’, documento de referência elaborado para o Relatório Situação Mundial da Infância 2007, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2006., p. 14.';
var cap2r11 = 'Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, Early Marriage: A harmful traditional practice, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2005, p.23.';
var cap2r12 = 'Fundo de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas para a Mulher, Not a Minute More: Ending violence against women, Unifem, Nova Iorque, 2003, p. 8.';
var cap2r13 = 'Organização Mundial da Saúde, WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women: Initial Results on prevalence, health outcomes and women’s responses, Resumo de Relatório, WHO, Genebra, 2005, p.6.';
var cap2r14 = 'Organização Mundial da Saúde, The World Report on Violence and Health, WHO, Genebra, 2002, p. 63.';
var cap2r15 = 'Fundo de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas para a Mulher,Not a Minute More: Ending violence against women, Unifem, Nova Iorque, 2003, p. 8.';
var cap2r16 = 'Desai, Sonalde e Kiersten Johnson, ‘Women’s Decisionmaking and Child Health: Familial and social hierarchies’. In Sunitor Kishor, ed, A Focus on Gender: Collected papers on gender using DHS data, ORC Macro e US Agency for International Development, Maryland, EUA, 2005, p. 56.';
var cap2r17 = 'Smith, Lisa C., et al., The Importance of Women’s Status for Child Nutrition in Developing Countries, Relatório de Pesquisa n. 131, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003, p. 127-128.';
var cap2r18 = 'O UNICEF define subnutrição como o resultado de ingestão insuficiente de alimentos (fome) e doenças infecciosas recorrentes. Subnutrição inclui baixo peso para idade, baixa estatura para idade (retardo de crescimento), estado perigoso de magreza (marasmo) e deficiência de vitaminas e minerais (desnutrição de micronutrientes). Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, Progress for Children: A report card on nutrition, Number 4, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, maio, 2006, p. 1 e 3.';
var cap2r19 = 'O UNICEF define subnutrição como o resultado de ingestão insuficiente de alimentos (fome) e doenças infecciosas recorrentes. Subnutrição inclui baixo peso para idade, baixa estatura para idade (retardo de crescimento), estado perigoso de magreza (marasmo) e deficiência de vitaminas e minerais (desnutrição de micronutrientes). Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, Progress for Children: A report card on nutrition, Number 4, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, maio, 2006, p. 6.';
var cap2r20 = 'O UNICEF define subnutrição como o resultado de ingestão insuficiente de alimentos (fome) e doenças infecciosas recorrentes. Subnutrição inclui baixo peso para idade, baixa estatura para idade (retardo de crescimento), estado perigoso de magreza (marasmo) e deficiência de vitaminas e minerais (desnutrição de micronutrientes). Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, Progress for Children: A report card on nutrition, Number 4, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, maio, 2006, p. 4 e 10.';
var cap2r21 = 'Smith, Lisa C., et al., The Importance of Women’s Status for Child Nutrition in Developing Countries, Relatório de Pesquisa n. 131, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003, p. 126-131.';
var cap2r22 = 'Smith, Lisa C., et al., The Importance of Women’s Status for Child Nutrition in Developing Countries, Relatório de Pesquisa n. 131, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003, p. 3; e United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition, 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation, United Nations, Genebra, março, 2004, p. 42.';
var cap2r23 = 'Os dados subjacentes podem ser encontrados nas Tabelas Estatísticas deste Relatório, Tabela 2. Nutrição.';
var cap2r24 = 'Smith, Lisa C., et al., The Importance of Women’s Status for Child Nutrition in Developing Countries, Relatório de Pesquisa n. 131, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003, p. 15-34. No estudo, a influência das mulheres é medida pelas diferenças entre as idades dos homens e das mulheres, níveis educacionais e controle sobre bens e renda.';
var cap2r25 = 'Smith, Lisa C., et al., The Importance of Women’s Status for Child Nutrition in Developing Countries, Relatório de Pesquisa n. 131, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003, p. xi. No estudo, a influência das mulheres é medida pelas diferenças entre as idades dos homens e das mulheres, níveis educacionais e controle sobre bens e renda.';
var cap2r26 = 'Também é importante observar que em todas as regiões estudadas, melhorar o status social de uma mulher – capacidade para influenciar nos processos de tomada de decisão – correspondeu a uma redução na amamentação, o que é prejudicial para a nutrição infantil. Portanto, esforços para melhorar o status das mulheres devem ser acompanhados por esforços para proteger, apoiar e promover a amamentação. Ver Smith, Lisa C., et al., The Importance of Women’s Status for Child Nutrition in Developing Countries, Relatório de Pesquisa n. 131, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003, p. xii.';
var cap2r27 = 'Também é importante observar que em todas as regiões estudadas, melhorar o status social de uma mulher – capacidade para influenciar nos processos de tomada de decisão – correspondeu a uma redução na amamentação, o que é prejudicial para a nutrição infantil. Portanto, esforços para melhorar o status das mulheres devem ser acompanhados por esforços para proteger, apoiar e promover a amamentação. Ver Smith, Lisa C., et al., The Importance of Women’s Status for Child Nutrition in Developing Countries, Relatório de Pesquisa n. 131, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003, p. 127.';
var cap2r28 = 'Floro, Maria Sagrario e Stephanies Seguino, ‘Gender Effects on Aggregate Saving: A theoretical and empirical analysis’, Policy Research Report on Gender and Development, Working Paper Series No. 23, World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2000, p. 9.';
var cap2r29 = 'Duflo, Esther e Christopher R, Udry, ‘Intrahousehold Resource Allocation in Côte d’Ivoire: Social norms, separate accounts and consumption choices’, Yale University Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper No. 857, Social Science Research Network, junho, 2003, p. 31; e Doss, Cheryl R., ‘Do households fully share risks? Evidence from Ghana’, Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, julho, 1996, p. 18.';
var cap2r30 = 'Alderman, Harold, et al., ‘Gender Differentials in Farm Productivity: Implications for household efficiency and agricultural policy’, Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper No. 6, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 1995, p. 9-12.';
var cap2r31 = 'Alderman, Harold, et al., ‘Gender Differentials in Farm Productivity: Implications for household efficiency and agricultural policy’, Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper No. 6, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 1995, p. 22.';
var cap2r32 = 'Visaria, Leela, ‘Female Autonomy and Fertility Behaviour: An exploration of Gujarat data’. In Proceedings of the International Population Conference, Montreal 1993, volume 4, International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, Liege (Bélgica), 1993, p. 263-275. In Desai, Sonalde e Kiersten Johnson, ‘Women’s Decisionmaking and Child Health: Familial and social hierarchies’. In Sunitor Kishor, ed, A Focus on Gender: Collected papers on gender using DHS data, ORC Macro e US Agency for International Development, Maryland, EUA, 2005, p. 56.';
var cap2r33 = 'Desai, Sonalde e Kiersten Johnson, ‘Women’s Decisionmaking and Child Health: Familial and social hierarchies’. In Sunitor Kishor, ed, A Focus on Gender: Collected papers on gender using DHS data, ORC Macro e US Agency for International Development, Maryland, EUA, 2005, p. 66. São os efeitos mais fracos na África ao sul do Saara, sendo que a América Latina e o Caribe situam-se entre eles.';
var cap2r34 = '‘Gender Perspective in Malaria Management’, Programa de Conhecimento sobre Malária, Policy Brief, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, sem data.';
var cap2r35 = 'Desai, Sonalde e Kiersten Johnson, ‘Women’s Decisionmaking and Child Health: Familial and social hierarchies’. In Sunitor Kishor, ed, A Focus on Gender: Collected papers on gender using DHS data, ORC Macro e US Agency for International Development, Maryland, EUA, 2005, p. 56.';
var cap2r36 = 'Emerson, Patrick M. e Andre Portela Souza, ‘Bargaining over Sons and Daughters: Child labor, school attendance and intra-household gender bias in Brazil’, Documento de Trabalho n. 02-W13, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 2002, p. 14.';
var cap2r37 = 'Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, Progress for Children, A report card on gender parity and primary education, Number 2, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 7.';
var cap2r38 = 'Gibbons, Elizabeth, Friedrich Huebler e Edilberto Loaiza, ‘Child Labor, Education, and the Principle of Non-Discrimination’, Capítulo 10 in Philip Alston e Mary Robinson, eds., Human Rights and Development: Towards mutual reinforcement, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005, p. 214.';
var cap2r39 = 'Gibbons, Elizabeth, Friedrich Huebler e Edilberto Loaiza, ‘Child Labor, Education, and the Principle of Non-Discrimination’, Capítulo 10 in Philip Alston e Mary Robinson, eds., Human Rights and Development: Towards mutual reinforcement, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005, p. 222.';
var cap2r40 = 'Delamonica, Enrique, Asmaa Donahue e Alberto Minujin, ‘Children Living Only with their Mothers: Are they disadvantaged? In Alberto Minujin, Enrique Delamonica e Marina Komareci, eds, Human Rights and Social Policies for Children and Women: the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) in practice, New School University e UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 201.';
var cap2r41 = 'Bongaarts, John, ‘Household Size and Composition in the Developing World’, Documento de Trabalho n. 144, Population Council, Nova Iorque, 2001, p. 14.';
var cap2r42 = 'Chant, Sylvia, ‘Poverty begins at home?’, ‘Poverty begins at home? Questioning some (mis)conceptions about children, poverty and privation in female-headed households’, documento de referência elaborado para o Relatório Situação Mundial da Infância 2007, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2006., p. 1.';
var cap2r43 = 'Quisumbing, Agnes, Lawrence Haddad e Christine Peña, ‘Are Women Over-Represented Among the Poor? An analysis of poverty in ten developing countries’, Journal of Development Economics, v. 66, n. 1, 2001, p. 225-269; e FCND Discussion Paper No. 115, Food Consumption and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 2001, p. 8-9.';
var cap2r44 = 'Helen Keller International, ‘Female Decision-Making Power and Nutritional Status within Bangladesh’s Economic Context’, Nutritional Surveillance Project, Boletim n. 20, Dhaka, agosto, 2006, p. 2.';
var cap2r45 = 'Chant, Sylvia, ‘Poverty begins at home?’, ‘Poverty begins at home? Questioning some (mis)conceptions about children, poverty and privation in female-headed households’, documento de referência elaborado para o Relatório Situação Mundial da Infância 2007, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2006., p. 10.';
var cap2r46 = 'Delamonica, Enrique, Asmaa Donahue e Alberto Minujin, ‘Children Living Only with their Mothers: Are they disadvantaged? In Alberto Minujin, Enrique Delamonica e Marina Komareci, eds, Human Rights and Social Policies for Children and Women: the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) in practice, New School University e UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 201.';
var cap2r47 = 'Delamonica, Enrique, Asmaa Donahue e Alberto Minujin, ‘Children Living Only with their Mothers: Are they disadvantaged? In Alberto Minujin, Enrique Delamonica e Marina Komareci, eds, Human Rights and Social Policies for Children and Women: the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) in practice, New School University e UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 220.';
var cap2r48 = 'Chant, Sylvia, ‘Poverty begins at home?’, ‘Poverty begins at home? Questioning some (mis)conceptions about children, poverty and privation in female-headed households’, documento de referência elaborado para o Relatório Situação Mundial da Infância 2007, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2006., p. 11.';
var cap2r49 = 'São os padrões de gastos, e não o volume total per capita, que diferem entre famílias chefiadas por mulheres e famílias chefiadas por homens. Os gastos de famílias chefiadas por mulheres e de famílias chefiadas por homens, desagregados por quintis de gasto, não diferem, exceto no quintil mais rico, em que as famílias chefiadas por mulheres apresentavam os gastos mais altos.';
var cap2r50 = 'Helen Keller International, ‘Female Decision-Making Power and Nutritional Status within Bangladesh’s Economic Context’, Nutritional Surveillance Project, Boletim n. 20, Dhaka, agosto, 2006, p. 2.';
var cap2r51 = 'Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, Role of Men in the Lives of Children: A study of how improving knowledge about men in families helps strengthen programming for children and women, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 1997, p. 9.';
var cap2r52 = 'Barker, Gary, et al., Supporting Fathers: Contributions from the International Fatherhood Summit 2003, Early Childhood Development: Practice and Reflections, n. 20, Bernard van Leer Foundation, Haia, abril, 2004, p. 12.';
var cap2r53 = 'Departamento Norte Americano de Saúde e Serviços Humanos, Escritório de Cuidados Infantis, ‘Promoting Responsible Fatherhood through Child Care’, National Child Care Information Center, Viena (Virgínia), abril, 2004, p.1.';
var cap2r54 = 'Fundo Cristão para a Infância, ‘Children in Poverty: Shaping a Response to Poverty: A conceptual overview and implications for responding to children living in poverty’, Children and Poverty Series, Parte III, CCF, Richmond, 2003, p. 7.';
var cap2r55 = 'Brown, Janet e Gary Barker, ‘Global Diversity and Trends in Patterns of Fatherhood.’ In Barker, Gary, et al., Supporting Fathers: Contributions from the International Fatherhood Summit 2003, Early Childhood Development: Practice and Reflections, n. 20, Bernard van Leer Foundation, Haia, abril, 2004, p. 17';
var cap2r56 = 'Barker, Gary, et al.,Supporting Fathers: Contributions from the International Fatherhood Summit 2003, Early Childhood Development: Practice and Reflections, n. 20, Bernard van Leer Foundation, Haia, abril, 2004, p. 1.';
var cap2r57 = 'Renk, Kimberly, et al., ‘Mothers, Fathers, Gender Role, and Time Parents Spend with their Children’, Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, v. 48, n. 7-8, abril, 2003, p. 1-2.';
var cap2r58 = 'Cliquet, Robert, ‘Major trends affecting families in the new millennium: Western Europe and North America’, Major Trends Affecting Families (background document), Division for Social Policy and Development, United Nations, Nova Iorque, 2003-2004, p. 5. Esses valores são ainda mais altos quando são associados os números sobre separação de companheiros não-casados que co-habitavam e as taxas de divórcio.';
var cap2r59 = 'Brown, Janet e Gary Barker, ‘Global Diversity and Trends in Patterns of Fatherhood.’ In Barker, Gary, et al., Supporting Fathers: Contributions from the International Fatherhood Summit 2003, Early Childhood Development: Practice and Reflections, n. 20, Bernard van Leer Foundation, Haia, abril, 2004, p. 22.';
var cap2r60 = 'Fundação Joseph Rowntree, ‘A Man’s Place in the Home: Fathers and families in the UK’, Foundations, n. 440, abril, 2000, www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/foundations/440.asp, acessado em setembro, 2006.';
var cap2r61 = 'El-Haddad, Yahya, ‘Major Trends Affecting Families in the Gulf Countries’, Major Trends Affecting Families, United Nations, Nova Iorque, 2003, p. 225.';
var cap2r62 = 'Nosseir Nazek, ‘Family in the New Millennium: Major trends affecting families in North Africa’, Capítulo 7 in Nações Unidas, Major Trends Affecting Families: A background document, UN, Nova Iorque, 2003, p. 194.';
var cap2r63 = 'Badran, Hoda, ‘Major Trends Affecting Families in El Mashrek El Araby’, Major Trends Affecting Families, United Nations, Nova Iorque, 2003, p. 206.';
var cap2r64 = 'Kabeer, Naila, ‘The Conditions and Consequences of Choice: Reflections on the measurement of women’s empowerment’ UNRISD Discussion Paper No. 108, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Genebra, agosto, 1999, p. 55.';
var cap2r65 = 'Desai, Sonalde e Kiersten Johnson, ‘Women’s Decisionmaking and Child Health: Familial and social hierarchies’. In Sunitor Kishor, ed, A Focus on Gender: Collected papers on gender using DHS data, ORC Macro e US Agency for International Development, Maryland, EUA, 2005, p. 66.';
var cap2r66 = 'Malombe, Joyce, ‘Women’s Groups and Shelter Improvement in Kenya.’ In Ann Schlyter, ed., A Place to Live: Gender research on housing in Africa, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Uppsala, 1996, p. 167.';
var cap2r67 = 'Desai, Sonalde e Kiersten Johnson, ‘Women’s Decisionmaking and Child Health: Familial and social hierarchies’. In Sunitor Kishor, ed, A Focus on Gender: Collected papers on gender using DHS data, ORC Macro e US Agency for International Development, Maryland, EUA, 2005, p. 66.';
var cap2r68 = 'Karl, Marilee, Women and Empowerment: Participation and Decision-Making, Zed Books, Londres, 1995, p. 19.';
var cap2r69 = 'Agarwal, Bina, ‘“Bargaining” and Gender Relations’, op. cit., p. 32.';
var cap2r70 = 'Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, Role of Men in the Lives of Children: A study of how improving knowledge about men in families helps strengthen programming for children and women, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 1997, p. 9.';
var cap2r71 = 'McNulty, Stephanie, ‘Women’s Organizations During and After War: From service delivery to policy advocacy’, Projeto de Serviços de Pesquisas e Referências, United States Agency for International Development Center for Development Information and Evaluation, Washington, D.C., outubro, 1998, p. 3.';
//CAPITULO 3//
var cap3r1 = 'Grown, Caren, Geeta Rao Gupta e Aslihan Kes, Taking Action: Achieving gender equality and empowering women, Earthscan, Londres/Virgínia, para UN Millennium Project Task Force on Education and Gender Equality, 2005, p. 77.';
var cap3r2 = 'Grown, Caren, Geeta Rao Gupta e Aslihan Kes, Taking Action: Achieving gender equality and empowering women, Earthscan, Londres/Virgínia, para UN Millennium Project Task Force on Education and Gender Equality, 2005, p. 89.';
var cap3r3 = 'Cálculos do UNICEF baseados em dados extraídos do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento, Human Development Report 2006: Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis, Oxford University Press para Undp, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 379.';
var cap3r4 = 'Machinea, José Luis, Alicia Bárcena e Arturo León, The Millennium Development Goals: A Latin American and Caribbean perspective, United Nations, Santiago, 2005, p. 128.';
var cap3r5 = 'De Ferranti, David, Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean: Breaking with history?, World Bank, México, 2004, p. 19.';
var cap3r6 = 'Unni, Jeemol, ‘Gender and Informality in Labour Market in South Asia.’ In Economic and Political Weekly, v. 36, n. 26, 30 de junho, 2001, p. 2370.';
var cap3r7 = 'Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento, Human Development Report 2005: International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world, Oxford University Press para Undp, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 315.';
var cap3r8 = 'Cálculos do UNICEF baseados no banco de dados da Pesquisa Mundial sobre Valores, acessado em junho de 2006. Os resultados baseiam-se em entrevistados que concordaram ou concordaram veementemente com a afirmação “Tanto o marido como a mulher devem contribuir para a renda da família.” (Ver nota sobre a metodologia utilizada para calcular agregados regionais na página 88).';
var cap3r9 = 'Escritório Internacional do Trabalho, Global Employment Trends Brief, January2006, International Labour Organization, Genebra, 2006, p. 3.';
var cap3r10 = 'Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento, Human Development Report 2005: International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world, Oxford University Press para Undp, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 314. A taxa de atividade econômica de mulheres baseia-se em dados sobre população economicamente ativa e sobre a população total.';
var cap3r11 = 'Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento, Human Development Report 2005: International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world, Oxford University Press para Undp, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 314. A taxa de atividade para paridade de gênero é calculada pela taxa de atividade econômica de mulheres como porcentagem da taxa dos homens.';
var cap3r12 = 'Son, Hyun H., e Nanak Kakwani, ‘The Gender Pay Gap over Women’s Working Lifetime’, International Poverty Centre, United Nations Development Programme, junho, 2006, www.undp-povertycentre.org/newsletters/OnePager20.pdf.';
var cap3r13 = 'Cálculos do UNICEF baseados no Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento, Human Development Report 2005: International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world, Oxford University Press para Undp, Nova Iorque, 2005, Tabela 25, p. 299-302. Agregados ponderados e baseados na classificação de regiões estabelecida pelo UNICEF.';
var cap3r14 = 'Organização Internacional do Trabalho, ‘National Report for Promoting the Linkages Between Women’s Employment and the Reduction of Child Labour’, ILO Area Office, Dar es Salaam,1994, p. 6; e Baidya, Bal Gopal, Madhup Dhungana e Rojee Kattel, ‘The Linkages Between Women’s Employment, Family Welfare and Child Labour in Nepal’, GENPROM Working Paper No. 12, International Labour Organization, Gender Promotion Programme, Genebra, 2002, p. 1.';
var cap3r15 = 'Grown, Caren, Geeta Rao Gupta e Aslihan Kes, Taking Action: Achieving gender equality and empowering women, Earthscan, Londres/Virgínia, para UN Millennium Project Task Force on Education and Gender Equality, 2005, p. 78.';
var cap3r16 = 'Steinzor, Nadia, Women’s Property and Inheritance Rights: Improving lives in changing times, Women in Development Technical Assistance Projects, Washington, D.C., março, 2003, p. 6.';
var cap3r17 = 'Grown, Caren, Geeta Rao Gupta e Aslihan Kes, Taking Action: Achieving gender equality and empowering women, Earthscan, Londres/Virgínia, para UN Millennium Project Task Force on Education and Gender Equality, 2005, p. 78.';
var cap3r18 = 'Grown, Caren, Geeta Rao Gupta e Aslihan Kes, Taking Action: Achieving gender equality and empowering women, Earthscan, Londres/Virgínia, para UN Millennium Project Task Force on Education and Gender Equality, 2005, p. 78.';
var cap3r19 = 'Grown, Caren, Geeta Rao Gupta e Aslihan Kes, Taking Action: Achieving gender equality and empowering women, Earthscan, Londres/Virgínia, para UN Millennium Project Task Force on Education and Gender Equality, 2005, p. 78.';
var cap3r20 = 'Quisumbing, Agnes R., ed., Household Decisions, Gender and Development: A synthesis of recent research, Johns Hopkins University Press para International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C., 2003, p. 118.';
var cap3r21 = 'Alderman, H., et al., ‘Gender Differentials in Farm Productivity: Implications for Household Efficiency and Agricultural Policy,’ FCND Discussion Paper No. 6, Food Consumption and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 1995, p. 22.';
var cap3r22 = 'Quisumbing, Agnes R., ‘What Have We Learned from Resarch on Intrahousehold Allocation?’, Capítulo 1 in Agnes Quisumbing, ed., Household Decisions, Gender and Development: A synthesis of recent research, International Food Policy Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003, p. 54.';
var cap3r23 = 'Hallman, Kelly, David Lewis e Suraiya Begum, ‘An Integrated Economic and Social Analysis to Assess the Impact of Vegetable and Fishpond Technologies on Poverty in Rural Bangladesh’, Divisão de Tecnologia Ambiental e de Produção; Divisão de Consumo e Nutrição Alimentar, EPTD Discussion Paper No. 112/FCND Discussion Paper 163, International Food Policy Research Institute, outubro, 2003, p .50; e Instituto Internacional de Pesquisas sobre Políticas de Alimentação, ‘Women: Still the key to food and nutrition security’, IFPRI, Washington, D.C., 2005, p. 1.';
var cap3r24 = 'Hallman, Kelly, David Lewis e Suraiya Begum, ‘An Integrated Economic and Social Analysis to Assess the Impact of Vegetable and Fishpond Technologies on Poverty in Rural Bangladesh’, Divisão de Tecnologia Ambiental e de Produção; Divisão de Consumo e Nutrição Alimentar, EPTD Discussion Paper No. 112/FCND Discussion Paper 163, International Food Policy Research Institute, outubro, 2003, p. 42-43.';
var cap3r25 = 'Fundo de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas para a Mulher, Progress of the World’s Women 2005: Women, work and poverty, UNIFEM, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 9.';
var cap3r26 = 'Nações Unidas, The World’s Women 2005: Progress in statistics, ST/ESA/STAT/SER.K/17, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division, United Nations, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 55.';
var cap3r27 = 'Chen, M. et al., Progress of the World’s Women 2005: Women, work and poverty, United Nations Development Fund for Women, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 39.';
var cap3r28 = 'Chen, M. et al., Progress of the World’s Women 2005: Women, work and poverty, United Nations Development Fund for Women, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 63-64.';
var cap3r29 = 'Chen, M. et al., Progress of the World’s Women 2005: Women, work and poverty, United Nations Development Fund for Women, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 27-29. Ver também Engle, Patrice L., ‘Urban Women: Balancing work and childcare’, Capítulo 3 in 2020 Focus, n. 3, Brief 08, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., agosto, 2000.';
var cap3r30 = 'Chen, M. et al., Progress of the World’s Women 2005: Women, work and poverty, United Nations Development Fund for Women, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 33.';
var cap3r31 = 'Organização Internacional do Trabalho, Global Employment Trends for Women 2004, ILO, Genebra, 2004, p. 9. A referência baseia-se no aumento da taxa de emprego para a taxa de população de mulheres. Essa taxa indica a capacidade das economias para criar oportunidades de emprego para sua população. As informações sobre países industrializados são extraídas de Eileen Appelbaum, et al., Shared work, Valued Care: New norms for organizing market work and unpaid care work, Economic Policy Institute, Washington, D.C., 2002, p. vii.';
var cap3r32 = 'Gospel, Howard, ‘Quality of Working Life: A review on changes in work organization, conditions of employment and work-life arrangements’, Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 1, International Labour Organization, Genebra, 2003, p. 17.';
var cap3r33 = 'Heyman, Jody, ‘Social Transformations and their Implications for the Global Demand for ECCE’, Policy Brief on Early Childhood No. 8, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, Paris, novembro/dezembro, 2002, p. 1-2.';
var cap3r34 = 'Chen, M. et al., Progress of the World’s Women 2005: Women, work and poverty, UNIFEM, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 29.';
var cap3r35 = 'Escritório Internacional do Trabalho, Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: Women in management, International Labour Organization, Genebra, atualização realizada em 2004, p. 29.';
var cap3r36 = 'Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômicos, OECD Employment Outlook 2001: Reconciling social and employment goals, OECD, Paris, p. 132.';
var cap3r37 = 'Escritório Internacional do Trabalho, Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: Women in management, International Labour Organization, Genebra, atualização realizada em 2004, p. 29.';
var cap3r38 = 'Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: Women in management, International Labour Organization, Genebra, atualização realizada em 2004, p. 32.';
var cap3r39 = 'Whiteford, Peter, ‘Reconciling Work and Family Life: A comparative analysis of OECD countries’, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, 2005, p. 5.';
var cap3r40 = 'Gospel, Howard, ‘Quality of Working Life: A review on changes in work organization, conditions of employment and work-life arrangements’, Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 1, International Labour Organization, Genebra, 2003, p. 17.';
var cap3r41 = 'Dodson, Lisa, Tiffany Manuel e Ellen Bravo, ‘Keeping Jobs and Raising Families in Low-Income America: It just doesn’t work’ – A Report of the Across the Boundaries Project, The Radcliffe Public Policy Center e 9to5 National Association of Working Women, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2002, p. 1.';
var cap3r42 = 'Dodson, Lisa, Tiffany Manuel e Ellen Bravo, ‘Keeping Jobs and Raising Families in Low-Income America: It just doesn’t work’ – A Report of the Across the Boundaries Project, The Radcliffe Public Policy Center e 9to5 National Association of Working Women, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2002, p. 1.';
var cap3r43 = 'Peisner-Feinberg, Ellen S. et al., ‘The Children of the Cost, Quality, and Outcomes Study Go To School: Technical report’, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Center, Chapel Hill, NC, 2000, p. 1; e Loeb, Susanna et al., ‘Child Care in Poor Communities: Early learning effects of type, quality and stability’, Child development, v. 75, n. 1, 2004, p. 47-65.';
var cap3r44 = 'Dodson, Lisa, Tiffany Manuel and Ellen Bravo, ‘Keeping Jobs and Raising Families in Low-Income America: It just doesn’t work’ – A Report of the Across the Boundaries Project, The Radcliffe Public Policy Center e 9to5 National Association of Working Women, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2002, p. 6-7; e Lindars, Helen, ‘How Can Suitable, Affordable Child Care Be Provided For All Parents Who Need To Work’, Equal Opportunities Commission submission to the Work and Pensions Select Committee Inquiry, Equal Opportunities Commission, Manchester, Reino Unido, fevereiro, 2003, p. 2, 3-5.';
var cap3r45 = 'Aubel, Judi, ‘Grandmothers: A learning institution’, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., agosto, 2005, p. 81.';
var cap3r46 = 'King, Elizabeth M., e Andrew D. Mason, ‘Engendering Development 2001’ – A World Bank Policy Research Report’, World Bank, Washington, D.C., janeiro, 2001, p. 24 e 170.';
var cap3r47 = 'Appelbaum, Eileen, et al., Shared work, Valued Care: New norms for organizing market work and unpaid care work, Economic Policy Institute, Washington, D.C., 2002, p. 29-30.';
var cap3r48 = 'Ministério de Assuntos Sociais e Emprego, Holanda, ‘Work/family arrangements’ and ‘Childcare Act’, http://internationalezaken.szw.nl/index.cfm?fuseaction=dsp_rubriek&rubriek_id=13039, acessado em setembro, 2006.';
var cap3r49 = 'Gospel, Howard, ‘Quality of Working Life: A review on changes in work organization, conditions of employment and work-life arrangements’, Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 1, International Labour Organization, Genebra, 2003, p. 17.';
var cap3r50 = 'Dodson, Lisa, Tiffany Manuel e Ellen Bravo, ‘Keeping Jobs and Raising Families in Low-Income America: It just doesn’t work’ – A Report of the Across the Boundaries Project, The Radcliffe Public Policy Center e 9to5 National Association of Working Women, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2002, p. 1.';
var cap3r51 = 'Organização Internacional para Migração, World Migration 2005: Costs and Benefits of International Migration, IOM, Genebra, 2005, p. 13.';
var cap3r52 = 'Cortés, Rosalía, ‘Remittances and Children’s Rights: An overview of academic and policy literature’, documento interno, United Nations Children’s Fund, Nova Iorque, fevereiro, 2006, p. 4.';
var cap3r53 = 'Bryant, John, ‘Children of International Migrants in Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines: A review of evidence and policies’, Innocenti Working Paper 2005-05, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florença, abril 2005, p. iii.';
var cap3r54 = 'Bryant, John, ‘Children of International Migrants in Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines: A review of evidence and policies’, Innocenti Working Paper 2005-05, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florença, abril 2005, p. 23.';
var cap3r55 = 'Cortés, Rosalía, ‘Remittances and Children’s Rights: An overview of academic and policy literature’, documento interno, United Nations Children’s Fund, Nova Iorque, fevereiro, 2006, p. 8.';
var cap3r56 = 'Fundo de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas para a Mulher, ‘Claim and Celebrate Women Migrants’ Human Rights through CEDAW – A UNIFEM Briefing Paper’, UNIFEM, Genebra, 2005, p. 36.';
var cap3r57 = 'Cortés, Rosalía, ‘Remittances and Children’s Rights: An overview of academic and policy literature’, documento interno, United Nations Children’s Fund, Nova Iorque, fevereiro, 2006, p. 4.';
var cap3r58 = 'Cortés, Rosalía, ‘Remittances and Children’s Rights: An overview of academic and policy literature’, documento interno, United Nations Children’s Fund, Nova Iorque, fevereiro, 2006, p. 4.';
var cap3r59 = 'Cortés, Rosalía, ‘Remittances and Children’s Rights: An overview of academic and policy literature’, documento interno, United Nations Children’s Fund, Nova Iorque, fevereiro, 2006, p. 14.';
var cap3r60 = 'Centro de Migração Scalabrini, ‘Filipino families in motion’, In Hearts Apart: Migration in the eyes of Filipino children, Scalabrini Migration Center, Manila, 2003, p. 50, http://www.smc.org.ph/heartsapart/pdfs/Hearts%20Apart.pdf.';
var cap3r61 = 'Cortés, Rosalía, ‘Remittances and Children’s Rights: An overview of academic and policy literature’, documento interno, United Nations Children’s Fund, Nova Iorque, fevereiro, 2006, p. 4.';
var cap3r62 = 'Alto Comissário das Nações Unidas para Refugiados, Refugee Children: Guidelines on protection and care, UNHCR, Genebra, 1994, p. 10.';
var cap3r63 = 'Alto Comissário das Nações Unidas para Refugiados, ‘Refugee Children’, Consultas Globais sobre Proteção Internacional, 4o. Encontro, EC/GC/02/9, 25 de abril, 2002.';
var cap3r64 = 'Fundo de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas para a Mulher,‘Claim and Celebrate Women Migrants’ Human Rights through CEDAW – A UNIFEM Briefing Paper’, UNIFEM, Genebra, 2005, p. 36.';
var cap3r65 = 'Waldorf, Lee, ‘Human Rights Protections Applicable to Women Migrant Workers’, Painel de Unifem-Cedaw sobre ‘Addressing Women Migrant Workers’ Concerns’, United Nations Development Fund for Women, Nova Iorque, julho, 2003, p. 30.';
var cap3r66 = 'Bryant, John, ‘Children of International Migrants in Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines: A review of evidence and policies’, Innocenti Working Paper 2005-05, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florença, abril 2005, p. 10.';
var cap3r67 = 'Escritório Regional do Unifem no Leste e Sudeste da Ásia, Empowering Women Migrant Workers in Asia, Bangkok, United Nations DevelopmentFund for Women, 2004, p. 3-5.';
var cap3r68 = 'Nações Unidas, Convenção sobre a Eliminação de Todas as Formas de Discriminação contra a Mulher, www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/e1cedaw.htm.';
var cap3r69 = 'Nações Unidas, Comissão sobre o Status da Mulher, Relatório sobre a 49a sessão (28 de fevereiro -11 e 22 de março de 2005), E/2005/27 e E/CN.6/2005/11, United Nations, Nova Iorque, p. 24-28.';
var cap3r70 = 'Nações Unidas, Comissão sobre o Status da Mulher, Relatório sobre a 49a sessão (28 de fevereiro -11 e 22 de março de 2005), E/2005/27 e E/CN.6/2005/11, United Nations, Nova Iorque, p. 27-28.';
var cap3r71 = 'Grown, Caren, Geeta Rao Gupta e Ashlihan Kes, Taking Action: Achieving gender equality and empowering women, Earthscan, Londres/Virgínia, para UN Millennium Project Task Force on Education and Gender Equality, 2005, p. 48.';
var cap3r72 = 'Grown, Caren, Geeta Rao Gupta e Ashlihan Kes, Taking Action: Achieving gender equality and empowering women, Earthscan, Londres/Virgínia, para UN Millennium Project Task Force on Education and Gender Equality, 2005, p. 48.';
var cap3r73 = 'Nações Unidas, Comissão sobre o Status da Mulher, Relatório sobre a 49a sessão (28 de fevereiro -11 e 22 de março de 2005), E/2005/27 e E/CN.6/2005/11, United Nations, Nova Iorque, p. 24-27.';
var cap3r74 = 'Fundo de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas para a Mulher, Gender Budget Initiatives, UNIFEM (Nova Iorque), Commonwealth Secretariat (Londres), e International Development Research Centre (Otawa), p. 1, www.idrc.ca/gender-budgets/ev-66716-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html.';
//CAPITULO 4//
var cap4r1 = 'Cálculos do UNICEF baseados em dados do banco de dados de União Inter-Parlamentar, www.ipu.org/wmn-e/world.htm, acessado em julho, 2006.';
var cap4r2 = 'Beaman, Lori, et al., ‘Women Politicians, Gender Bias, and Policy-making in Rural India’, documento de referência elaborado para o relatório The State of the World’s Children 2007, UNICEF, 2006, p. 4 e 5.';
var cap4r3 = 'Ver, por exemplo, Susan J. Carroll, ed., The Impact of Women in Public Office, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana, 2001.';
var cap4r4 = 'Ver, por exemplo, Jones, Mark P., ‘Legislator Gender and Legislator Policy Priorities in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies and the United States House of Representatives’, Policy Studies Journal, v. 5, n. 4, 1997, p. 615. Ver também Mala Htun, ‘Women in Political Power in Latin America’, International IDEA, Women in Parliament, International Idea, Estocolmo, 2002, p. 9.';
var cap4r5 = 'Jones, Mark P., ‘Legislator Gender and Legislator Policy Priorities in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies and the United States House of Representatives’, Policy Studies Journal, v. 5, n. 4, 1997, p. 618.';
var cap4r6 = 'Jones, Mark P., ‘Legislator Gender and Legislator Policy Priorities in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies and the United States House of Representatives’, Policy Studies Journal, v. 5, n. 4, 1997, p. 621.';
var cap4r7 = 'Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie, ‘Female Legislators and the Promotion of Women, Children, and Family Policies in Latin America’, documento de referência elaborado para o relatório The State of the World’s Children 2007, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 15.';
var cap4r8 = 'Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie, ‘Female Legislators and the Promotion of Women, Children, and Family Policies in Latin America’, documento de referência elaborado para o relatório The State of the World’s Children 2007, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 14.';
var cap4r9 = 'Grey, Sandra, ‘Women and Parliamentary Politics: Does Size Matter? Critical Mass and Women MPs in the New Zealand House of Representatives’, Programa de Ciência Política, Escola de Pesquisas de Ciências SociaisResearch, Australian National University, documento elaborado para a 51a Conferência da Associação para Estudos Políticos, Manchester, Reino Unido, 10-12 de abril, 2001, p. 5-6.';
var cap4r10 = 'Childs, Sarah, Joni Lovenduski e Rosie Campbell, Women at the Top 2005: Changing numbers, changing politics? Hansard Society, Londres, 2005, p. 56.';
var cap4r11 = 'Karam, Azza, e Joni Lovenduski, ‘Women in Parliament: Making a difference’, Capítulo 5 in Julie Ballington e Azza Karam, eds., Women in Parliament: Beyond numbers, A Revised Edition, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Estocolmo, 2005, p. 194. Ver inclusão de Ruanda em Elizabeth Powley, ‘Rwanda: The impact of women legislators on policy outcomes affecting children and families,’ documento de referência elaborado para o relatório The State of the World’s Children 2007, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 5.';
var cap4r12 = 'Shevchenko, Iulia, ‘Who Cares about Women’s Problems? Female legislators in the 1995 and 1999 Russian State Dumas’, Europe-Asia Studies, v. 54, n. 8, 1 de dezembro, 2002, p. 1208.';
var cap4r13 = 'Powley, Elizabeth, ‘Rwanda: The impact of women legislators on policy outcomes affecting children and families,’ documento de referência elaborado para o relatório The State of the World’s Children 2007, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 10-11 e 15.';
var cap4r14 = 'Vetten, Lisa, ‘Addressing Domestic Violence in South Africa: Reflections on strategy and practice’, documento elaborado por especialistas para a Reunião do Grupo de Especialistas sobre ‘Violence against Women: Good practices in combating and eliminating violence against women’, United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women, Viena, 2005, p. 3-4.';
var cap4r15 = 'Stéphane Oertel, Governance Profile of Namibia: Measuring and monitoring progress towards good governance in Africa, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Adis Abeba, setembro, 2004, p. 4. Governo da Namíbia, ‘Government Gazette of the Republic of Namibia, Government Notice, No. 126, Promulgation of Act of Parliament’, Windhoek, 24 de junho, 2003.';
var cap4r16 = 'Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie, ‘Female Legislators and the Promotion of Women, Children, and Family Policies in Latin America’, documento de referência elaborado para o relatório The State of the World’s Children 2007, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 10.';
var cap4r17 = '‘Gender-Sensitizing Commonwealth Parliaments: The report of a Commonwealth Parliamentary Association study group’, Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Secretariat, Londres, 2001, www.cpahq.org/uploadstore/docs/gendersensitizingcwparliaments.pdf, acessado em setembro, 2006.';
var cap4r18 = 'Wangnerud, Lena, ‘Case Study: Sweden: A stepwise development’ in Women in Parliament: Beyond numbers, A Revised Edition, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Estocolmo, 2005, p. 246';
var cap4r19 = 'Karam, Azza, e Joni Lovenduski, ‘Women in Parliament: Making a difference’, Capítulo 5 in Julie Ballington e Azza Karam, eds., Women in Parliament: Beyond numbers, A Revised Edition, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Estocolmo, 2005, p. 198.';
var cap4r20 = 'Dados extraídos do banco de dados de União Inter-Parlamentar, ‘Women in National Parliaments’, www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm, acessado em julho, 2006.';
var cap4r21 = 'Dados extraídos do pôster de União Inter-Parlamentar, ‘Women in Politics, 2005’, www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/wmnmap05_en.pdf, acessado em julho, 2006.';
var cap4r22 = 'Extraído de sites de governos nacionais e de Inter-Parliamentary Union, ‘Women in Politics: 60 years in retrospect’, IPU, Genebra, fevereiro, 2006, Planilha de Dados n. 4. Nota: Os países citados como exemplos em que as mulheres são Chefes de Estado ou de Governo em 2006 incluem o governo das Antilhas Holandesas, que é um país autônomo, parte da Holanda. Rainhas e Governadoras-Gerais não estão incluídas nos números citados.';
var cap4r23 = 'Extraído de sites de governos nacionais e do pôster de União Inter-Parlamentar, ‘Women in Politics, 2005’, www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/wmnmap05_en.pdf, acessado em julho, 2006.';
var cap4r24 = 'Budlender, Debbie, e Guy Hewittt, Gender Budgets Make More Cents: Country studies and good practice, The Commonwealth Secretariat, Londres, agosto, 2002, p. 11.';
var cap4r25 = 'Weldon, S. Laurel, Protest, Policy, and the Problem of Violence Against Women: A crossnational comparison, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pitsburgo, 2002, p. 19, 23, 88 e 103.';
var cap4r26 = 'Matland, Richard E., ‘Enhancing Women’s Political Participation: Legislative recruitment and electoral systems’, in Women in Parliament: Beyond numbers, A Revised Edition, Capítulo 3, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Estocolmo, 2005, p. 96.';
var cap4r27 = 'Bratton, Kathleen A., e Leonard P. Ray, ‘Descriptive Representation, Policy Outcomes, and Municipal Day-Care Coverage in Norway’, American Journal of Political Science, v. 46, n. 2, abril, 2002, p. 435.';
var cap4r28 = 'Davis, Matthew M., e Amy M. Upston, ‘State Legislator Gender and Other Characteristics Associated With Sponsorship of Child Health Bills’, Ambulatory Pediatrics, v. 4, n. 4, julho-agosto, 2004, p. 295-302.';
var cap4r29 = 'Caiazza, Amy, ‘Does Women’s Representation in Elected Office Lead to Women-Friendly Policy?, Institute for Women’s Policy Research, Washington, D.C., maio, 2002, p. 2, 4.';
var cap4r30 = 'Chattopadhyay, Raghabendra, e Esther Duflo, ‘Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a randomized policy experiment in India’, Econometrica, v. 72, n. 5, setembro, 2004, p. 1409-1443.';
var cap4r31 = 'Beaman, Lori, et al., ‘Women Politicians, Gender Bias, and Policy-making in Rural India’, documento de referência elaborado para o relatório The State of the World’s Children 2007, UNICEF, 2006, p. 11, 15 e 16.';
var cap4r32 = 'Mbatha, Likhapha, ‘Democratising Local Government: Problems and opportunities in the advancement of gender equality in South Africa’, in Anne Marie Goetz e Shireen Hassim, eds., No Shortcuts to Power: African women in politics and policy making, Capítulo 7, Zed Books, Londres e Nova Iorque, 2003, p. 196 e 201.';
var cap4r33 = 'Drage, Jean, ‘Women in Local Government in Asia and the Pacific: A comparative analysis of thirteen countries’, (baseado em relatórios nacionais elaborados para a Comissão Social e Econômica das Nações Unidas para Ásia e Pacífico, e LOGOTRI – Rede de Capacitação de Governança Local e Institutos de Pesquisa na Ásia e Pacífico – previamente ao Encontro de Cúpula de Mulheres Prefeitas e Conselheiras da região Ásia-Pacífico, Tailândia, 19-22 de junho, 2001), Victoria University of Wellington, Nova Zelândia, 2001, p. 22.';
var cap4r34 = 'Drage, Jean, ‘Women in Local Government in Asia and the Pacific: A comparative analysis of thirteen countries’, (baseado em relatórios nacionais elaborados para a Comissão Social e Econômica das Nações Unidas para Ásia e Pacífico, e LOGOTRI – Rede de Capacitação de Governança Local e Institutos de Pesquisa na Ásia e Pacífico – previamente ao Encontro de Cúpula de Mulheres Prefeitas e Conselheiras da região Ásia-Pacífico, Tailândia, 19-22 de junho, 2001), Victoria University of Wellington, Nova Zelândia, 2001, p. 22.';
var cap4r35 = 'United Cities and Local Governments, Statistics, World, www.citieslocalgovernments.org/uclg/index.asp?pag=wldmstatistics.asp&type=&L=EN&pon=1.';
var cap4r36 = 'Chattopadhyay, Raghabendra, e Esther Duflo, ‘Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a randomized policy experiment in India’, Econometrica, v. 72, n. 5, setembro, 2004, p. 1427.';
var cap4r37 = 'Grupo Internacional para Crises, ‘Beyond Victimhood: Women’s Peacebuilding in Sudan, Congo and Uganda’, Africa Report No. 112, International Crisis Group, 28 de junho, 2006, p. i.';
var cap4r38 = 'Chinkin, Christine, Peace Agreements as a Means for Promoting Gender Equality and Ensuring the Participation of Women, EGM/PEACE/2003/BP.1, Division for the Advancement of Women, United Nations, Nova Iorque, 31 de outubro, 2003, p. 1.';
var cap4r39 = 'Chinkin, Christine, Peace Agreements as a Means for Promoting Gender Equality and Ensuring the Participation of Women, EGM/PEACE/2003/BP.1, Division for the Advancement of Women, United Nations, Nova Iorque, 31 de outubro, 2003, p. 2.';
var cap4r40 = 'Francesc, Maria Cañadas, et al., ‘Alert 2005: Report on conflicts, human rights and peacebuilding’, School for Peace Culture, Bellaterra, Espanha, janeiro, 2005, p. 124.';
var cap4r41 = 'Entrevista com Donald Steinberg, Vice Presidente para Assuntos Multilaterais do Grupo Internacional para Crises, e ex-Embaixador dos Estados Unidos em Angola. Steinberg e a equipe de pesquisa e editorial do relatório The State of the World’s Children 2007 discutiram o processo de paz em Angola em 12 de junho, 2006.';
var cap4r42 = 'Anderlini, Sanam Naraghi, ‘Women at the Peace Table: Making a difference’, United Nations Development Fund for Women, Nova Iorque, 2000, p. 17.';
var cap4r43 = 'Rhen, Elisabeth, e Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts’ assessment on the impact of armed conflict on women and women’s role in peacebuilding, United Nations Development Fund for Women, Nova Iorque, 2002, p. 79.
Ver discussão mais detalhada sobre o papel da mulher nos processos de paz na Irlanda do Norte em Fionnuala Ni Aoláin, ‘Peace Agreements as Means for Promoting Gender Equality and Ensuring the Participation of Women’, Estudo de Caso da Irlanda do Norte, EGM/PEACE/2003/EP.4, elaborado para a Divisão das Nações Unidas para o Progresso da Mulher, Reunião do Grupo de Especialistas, Otawa, Canadá, novembro, 2003.';
var cap4r44 = 'Sultan, Masuda, ‘From Rhetoric to Reality: Afghan women on the agenda for peace’, Women Waging Peace Policy Commission, Hunt Alternatives Fund, Cambridge, Massachusetts, fevereiro, 2005, p. 6-7.';
var cap4r45 = 'Conaway, Camille Pampell, e Kelly Fish, ‘Children’s Security’, Inclusive Security, Sustainable Peace: A toolkit for advocacy and action, International Alert (Londres) e Women Waging Peace (Cambridge, Massachusetts e Washington, D.C.), 2004, p. 59.';
var cap4r46 = 'Quintos-Deles, Teresita, ‘Corridors of Peace in the Corridors of Power: Bridging spaces for women in governance for peace’, apresentado no Sexto Congresso da Ásia e Pacífico sobre Mulheres na Política e na Tomada de Decisões, Makati, Filipinas, 10-12 de fevereiro, 2006, p. 13.';
var cap4r47 = 'Mazurana, Dyan, e Khristopher Carlson, ‘From Combat to Community: Women and girls of Sierra Leone’, Women Waging Peace, Cambridge, Massachusetts e Washington, D.C., janeiro, 2004, p. 16.';
var cap4r48 = 'Anderlini, Sanam Naraghi, ‘Women at the Peace Table: Making a difference’, United Nations Development Fund for Women, Nova Iorque, 2000, p. 21.';
var cap4r49 = 'Anderlini, Sanam Naraghi, ‘Women at the Peace Table: Making a difference’, United Nations Development Fund for Women, Nova Iorque, 2000, p. 20.';
var cap4r50 = 'Rhen, Elisabeth e Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts’ assessment on the impact of armed conflict on women and women’s role in peacebuilding, United Nations Development Fund for Women, Nova Iorque, 2002, p. 78.';
var cap4r51 = 'WomenWarPeace.org, <www.womenwarpeace.org/sri_lanka/sri_lanka.htm>, acessado em outubro, 2006.';
var cap4r52 = 'Jain, Devaki, Women, Development and the UN: A sixty-year quest for equality and justice, United Nations Intellectual History Project, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana, 2005, p. 71.';
var cap4r53 = 'Camille Conaway e Anne-Marie Goetz, ‘Beyond Numbers: Supporting women’s political participation and promoting gender equality in post-conflict governance in Africa, A review of the role of the United Nations Development Fund for Women’, UNIFEM, Nova Iorque, janeiro, 2006, p. 6.';
var cap4r54 = 'Pippa Norris e Donald Ingelhart, ‘Cultural Barriers to Women’s Leadership: A worldwide comparison’, elaborado para a 16a Sessão Especial do Congresso Mundial da Associação Internacional de Ciências Políticas, ‘Social Cleavages and Elections’, Quebec, Canadá, 3 de agosto, 2000, p. 8.';
var cap4r55 = 'Powley, Elizabeth, ‘Rwanda: The impact of women legislators on policy outcomes affecting children and families,’ documento de referência elaborado para o relatório The State of the World’s Children 2007, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 8.';
var cap4r56 = 'Jayal, Niraja Gopal, ‘From Representation to Participation: Women in local government’, EGM/EPWD/2005/EP.3, elaborado para a Reunião do Grupo de Especialistas sobre Igualdade de Participação de Mulheres e Homens em Processos de Tomadas de Decisão, com nfase Especial em Participação e Liderança na Política, United Nations, Adis Abeba, Etiópia, 24-27 de outubro, 2005, p. 8.';
var cap4r57 = 'Drage, Jean, ‘Women in Local Government in Asia and the Pacific: A comparative analysis of thirteen countries’, (baseado em relatórios nacionais elaborados para a Comissão Social e Econômica das Nações Unidas para Ásia e Pacífico, e LOGOTRI – Rede de Capacitação de Governança Local e Institutos de Pesquisa na Ásia e Pacífico – previamente ao Encontro de Cúpula de Mulheres Prefeitas e Conselheiras da região Ásia-Pacífico, Tailândia, 19-22 de junho, 2001), Victoria University of Wellington, Nova Zelândia, 2001, p. 44.United Cities and Local Governments, Statistics, World, www.citieslocalgovernments.org/uclg/index.asp?pag=wldmstatistics.asp&type=&L=EN&pon=1.';
var cap4r58 = 'United Cities and Local Governments, Statistics, World, www.citieslocalgovernments.org/uclg/index.asp?pag=wldmstatistics.asp&type=&L=EN&pon=1.';
//CAPITULO 5//
var cap5r1 = 'Em 1945, 3% de membros do Senado ou da Câmara eram mulheres (Inter-Parliamentary Union, ‘Women in Parliaments 1945-1995’, Reports and documents No. 23, IPU, Genebra, 1995, p. 28). Em 2006, 16,8% dos membros do Senado ou da Câmara eram mulheres (‘Women in National Parliaments’, www.ipu.org/wmn-e/world.htm, acessado em Agosto, 2006).';
var cap5r2 = 'Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, Progress for Children: A report card on gender parity and primary education, Number 2, UNICEF, abril, 2005,p. 2.';
var cap5r3 = 'Ver, por exemplo, Conselho de População e Centro Internacional para Pesquisa sobre a Mulher, ‘Involving Young Men in HIV Prevention Programs: Operations research on gender-based approaches in Brazil, Tanzania, and India’, Horizons Report, HIV/AIDS Operations Research, Population Council, Washington, D.C., dezembro, 2004.';
var cap5r4 = 'Banco Mundial, ‘Education and Development’,Education Advisory Service, World Bank, Washington, D.C., http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EDUCATION/Resources/2782001099079877269/547664-1099080118171/EducationBrochure.pdf, acessado em setembro, 2006.';
var cap5r5 = 'Banco Mundial, ‘Education and Development’,Education Advisory Service, World Bank,Washington, D.C., http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EDUCATION/Resources/2782001099079877269/547664-1099080118171/EducationBrochure.pdf, acessado em setembro, 2006.';
var cap5r6 = 'Banco Mundial, ‘Education and Development’,Education Advisory Service, World Bank,Washington, D.C., http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EDUCATION/Resources/2782001099079877269/547664-1099080118171/EducationBrochure.pdf, acessado em setembro, 2006.';
var cap5r7 = 'Banco Mundial, ‘Engendering Change in the Classroom’, 11 de novembro, 2004, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTEDUCATION/0,,contentMDK:20279910~menuPK:617572~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:282386,00.html, acessado em 4 de outubro, 2006.';
var cap5r8 = 'Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância e Banco Mundial, ‘Building on what we know and defining sustained support’, workshop da Iniciativa para Eliminação de Taxas Escolares, organizado pelo UNICEF e pelo Banco Mundial, Nairóbi, 5-7 de abril, 2006, p. 3.';
var cap5r9 = 'Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância e Banco Mundial, ‘Building on what we know and defining sustained support’, workshop da Iniciativa para Eliminação de Taxas Escolares, organizado pelo UNICEF e pelo Banco Mundial, Nairóbi, 5-7 de abril, 2006, p. 3.';
var cap5r10 = 'Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, The State of the World’s Children 2004: Girls’ education and development, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2003, p. 23-24.';
var cap5r11 = 'Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância e Banco Mundial, ‘Building on what we know and defining sustained support’, workshop da Iniciativa para Eliminação de Taxas Escolares, organizado pelo UNICEF e pelo Banco Mundial, Nairóbi, 5-7 de abril, 2006, p. 3.';
var cap5r12 = 'Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, The State of the World’s Children 2004: Girls’ education and development, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 2003, p. 23.';
var cap5r13 = 'Banco Mundial, ‘Engendering Change in the Classroom’, 11 de novembro, 2004, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTEDUCATION/0,,contentMDK:20279910~menuPK:617572~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:282386,00.html, acessado em 4 de outubro, 2006.';
var cap5r14 = 'Banco Mundial, ‘Engendering Change in the Classroom’, 11 de novembro, 2004, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTEDUCATION/0,,contentMDK:20279910~menuPK:617572~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:282386,00.html, acessado em 4 de outubro, 2006.';
var cap5r15 = 'Banco Mundial, ‘Engendering Change in the Classroom’, 11 de novembro, 2004, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTEDUCATION/0,,contentMDK:20279910~menuPK:617572~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:282386,00.html, acessado em 4 de outubro, 2006.';
var cap5r16 = 'Projeto das Nações Unidas para o Milênio, Investing in Development: A practical plan to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, Earthscan, Londres/Sterling, Virgínia., 2005, p. 239-256.';
var cap5r17 = 'Vandemoortele, Jan, e Rathin Roy, ‘Making Sense of MDG Costing’, Bureau for Development Policy, Nova Iorque, agosto, 2004, p. 3.';
var cap5r18 = 'Grown, Caren, et al., ‘The Financial Requirements of Achieving Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment’, The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College Working Paper No. 467, agosto 2006, p. 2.';
var cap5r19 = 'Figuras extraídas deGrown, Caren, et al., ‘The Financial Requirements of Achieving Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment’, The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College Working Paper No. 467, agosto 2006, p. 17.';
var cap5r20 = 'Grown, Caren, et al., ‘The Financial Requirements of Achieving Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment’, The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College Working Paper No. 467, agosto 2006, p. 3.';
var cap5r21 = 'Grown, Caren, Geeta Rao Gupta e Aslihan Kes, Taking Action: Achieving gender equality and empowering women, UN Millennium Project, Earthscan, Londres/Sterling, Virgínia, 2005, p. 29.';
var cap5r22 = 'Grown, Caren, et al., ‘The Financial Requirements of Achieving Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment’, The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College Working Paper No. 467, agosto 2006, p. 17.';
var cap5r23 = 'Grown, Caren, et al., ‘The Financial Requirements of Achieving Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment’, The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College Working Paper No. 467, agosto 2006, p. 21.';
var cap5r24 = 'Federação Internacional de Helsinki para Direitos Humanos, Human Rights in the OSCE Region: Europe, Central Asia and North America, Report 2006(Events of 2005), IHF, Viena, 2006, p. 429.';
var cap5r25 = 'Autoridade Intergovernamental sobre Desenvolvimento, ‘Declaration of the 4th Regular Meeting of IGAD Ministers in Charge of Gender/Women Affairs’, Nairóbi, 21-22 de fevereiro, 2006, www.igad.org/gender/nairobi_gender_decl.htm, acessado em 4 de outubro, 2006.';
var cap5r26 = 'União Africana, ‘Symposium on the African Union’s Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa’, palestra de abertura proferida por H.E. Mrs. Julia Dolly Joiner, Comissária para Assuntos Políticos da Comissão da União Africana, Cartum, 21 de janeiro, 2006, www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/issues/panafrica/, acessado em 4 de outubro, 2006.';
var cap5r27 = 'Fundo de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas para a Mulher, Not a Minute More: Ending violence against women, UNIFEM, Nova Iorque, p. 8-15.';
var cap5r28 = 'Nações Unidas, Report of the independent expert for the United Nations study on violence against children, versão preliminar, UN A/61/150 e Corr. 1, United Nations, Nova Iorque, 23 de agosto, 2005.';
var cap5r29 = 'Fundo de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas para a Mulher, Not a Minute More: Ending violence against women, UNIFEM, Nova Iorque, p. 39.';
var cap5r30 = 'Fundo de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas para a Mulher, Not a Minute More: Ending violence against women, UNIFEM, Nova Iorque, p. 40.';
var cap5r31 = 'Escritório das Nações Unidas para a Coordenação de Assuntos Humanitários/Redes de Informações Regionais Integradas, ‘Sexual Violence in Times of War’, Capítulo 13 in Broken Bodies,Broken Dreams: Violence against women exposed,OCHA/IRIN, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 179-205.';
var cap5r32 = 'Nações Unidas, Assembléia Geral, 58a sessão, Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse, Relatório do Secretário-Geral (A/58/777), United Nations, Nova Iorque, 23 de abril, 2004, parag. 3.';
var cap5r33 = 'Nações Unidas, Conselho de Segurança, Resolução 1325, parag. 10, adotado pelo Conselho de Segurança em seu 4213a Reunião, United Nations, Nova Iorque, 31 de outubro, 2000.';
var cap5r34 = 'Escritório das Nações Unidas para a Coordenação de Assuntos Humanitários/Redes de Informações Regionais Integradas, ‘Sexual Violence in Times of War’, Capítulo 13 in Broken Bodies, Broken Dreams: Violence against women exposed, OCHA/IRIN, Nova Iorque, 2005, p. 197.';
var cap5r35 = 'King, Elizabeth M. e Andrew D. Mason,‘Engendering Development Through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources, and Voice’, World Bank e Oxford University Press, Washington, D.C., janeiro, 2001, p. 120.';
var cap5r36 = 'King, Elizabeth M. e Andrew D. Mason,‘Engendering Development Through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources, and Voice’, World Bank e Oxford University Press, Washington, D.C., janeiro, 2001, p. 117-122.';
var cap5r37 = 'Inter-Parliamentary Union, ‘Women’s Suffrage’, www.ipu.org/wmn-e/suffrage.htm, acessado em setembro, 2006.';
var cap5r38 = 'Banco de dados de União Inter-Parlamentar, ‘Women in National Parliaments’, www.ipu.org/wmn-e/world.htm, acessado em setembro, 2006.';
var cap5r39 = 'Banco de dados de União Inter-Parlamentar, ‘Women in National Parliaments’, www.ipu.org/wmn-e/world.htm, acessado em setembro, 2006.';
var cap5r40 = 'União Inter-Parlamentar, ‘The Participation of Women and Men in Decision-Making: The parliamentary dimension’,Planilha de dados n. 6 in Women in Politics: 60 years in retrospect, IPU, Genebra, 2006.';
var cap5r41 = 'Inter-Parliamentary Union, ‘Women in Parliaments: World classification’, <www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classsif.htm>; e Instituto Internacional para Assistência Eleitoral e Democracia e Universidade de Estocolmo, ‘Global Database of Quotas for Women’, www.quotaproject.org/country.cfm?SortOrder=LastLowerPercentage%20DESC, acessado em 28 de setembro, 2006.';
var cap5r42 = 'Fundo de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas para a Mulher, ‘On the Agenda: Women’s essential role in peace-building’, Encontro Mundial de Cúpula do UNIFEM 2005, 2005, UNIFEM, Nova Iorque, p. 1.';
var cap5r43 = 'Gobodo-Madikizela, Pumla, ‘Women’s Contribution to South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission’, Women Waging Peace Policy Commission, Cambridge, Massachusetts e Washington, D.C., fevereiro, 2005, p. 9.';
var cap5r44 = 'Dahlerup, Drude, ‘Quotas are Changing the History of Women’, documento apresentado na Conferência do Fórum Parlamentar do IDEA/EISA/SADC, Pretória, novembro, 2003.';
var cap5r45 = 'McNulty, Stephanie, ‘Women’s Organizations During and After War: From service delivery to policy advocacy’, Research and Reference Services Project, United States Agency for International Development Center for Development Information and Evaluation, Washington, D.C., 2 outubro 1998, p. 3.';
var cap5r46 = 'Maluccio, John A., Lawrence Haddad e Julian May, ‘Social capital and gender in South Africa, 1993-98’, in Agnes R. Quisumbing, ed., Household Decisions, Gender, and Development: A synthesis of recent research, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003, p. 147.';
var cap5r47 = 'Cowan, Carolyn Pape, et al., ‘Encouraging Strong Relationships Between Fathers and Children’, Working Strategies, v. 8, n. 4, verão, 2005, p. 2.';
var cap5r48 = 'Engle, Patrice, Tom Beardshaw e Craig Loftin, ‘Local and International Policies and Programmes’, in Linda Richter e Robert Morrell, eds., Baba: Men and fatherhood in South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, Cidade do Cabo, 2006, p. 294.';
var cap5r49 = 'Engle, Patrice, Tom Beardshaw e Craig Loftin, ‘Local and International Policies and Programmes’, in Linda Richter e Robert Morrell, eds., Baba: Men and fatherhood in South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, Cidade do Cabo, 2006, p. 294.';
var cap5r50 = 'Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, Role of Men in the Lives of Children: A study of how improving knowledge about men in families helps strengthen programming for children and women, UNICEF, Nova Iorque, 1997, p. 9.';
var cap5r51 = 'Fathers Direct, ‘Sweden may be leading Europe in developing father-friendly policies and practices’, FatherWorld, v. 3, n. 2, Fathers Direct, Londres, www.fathersdirect.com/download.php?pID=2655.3, acessado em 24 de abril, 2006; e Holter, Oystein Gullvag, Can Men Do It? Men and Gender Equality: The Nordic experience, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhague, 2003, p. 126, citado em R.W. Connell, ‘The Role of Men and Boys in Achieving Gender Equality’, documento elaborado para o Encontro do Grupo de Especialistas de Divisão das Nações Unidas para o Progresso da Mulher, OIT, Unaids, Pnud (21-24 de outubro, 2003, Brasilia), 7 de outubro, 2003, p. 8.';
var cap5r52 = 'Tonkin, Bernard, ‘Men Reinventing Themselves: Recovery from hegemonic masculinity’, Working Paper No. 4, UN International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women, Santo Domingo, 2001, p. 5 e 18, www.uninstraw.org/en/docs/mensroles/Tonkin.pdf, acessado em 4 de outubro, 2006.';
var cap5r53 = 'Nações Unidas, The World’s Women 2005: Progress in statistics, United Nations Division of Economic and Social Affairs, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 26.';
var cap5r54 = 'Nações Unidas, The World’s Women 2005: Progress in statistics, United Nations Division of Economic and Social Affairs, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 71.';
var cap5r55 = 'Nações Unidas, The World’s Women 2005: Progress in statistics, United Nations Division of Economic and Social Affairs, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 44.';
var cap5r56 = 'Nações Unidas, The World’s Women 2005: Progress in statistics, United Nations Division of Economic and Social Affairs, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 64.';
var cap5r57 = 'Nações Unidas, The World’s Women 2005: Progress in statistics, United Nations Division of Economic and Social Affairs, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 55.';
var cap5r58 = 'Nações Unidas, The World’s Women 2005: Progress in statistics, United Nations Division of Economic and Social Affairs, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 55.';
var cap5r59 = 'Nações Unidas, The World’s Women 2005: Progress in statistics, United Nations Division of Economic and Social Affairs, Nova Iorque, 2006, p. 57.';
var cap5r60 = 'Banco de dados de União Inter-Parlamentar, www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm.';
var cap5r61 = 'Estatísticas de United Cities and Local Government, www.citieslocalgovernments.org/uclg/index.asp?pag=wldmstatistics.asp&type=&L=EN&on=1.';